Unknown Lab Report

Being able to identify unknown microbes from systematic testing is what makes the field of microbiology so important, especially in infectious disease control. Using the testing procedure laid out by the microbiology field we are able to identify unknown bacteria present in our everyday lives, and along the way learn a lot about their characteristics that separate them from other types of bacteria. Being able to do this is vital in order for us to understand why microbes are present in certain places, how they are able to grow and what restricts their growth, that way they can be combatted if necessary. These techniques for determining unknowns are also important for isolating and testing infectious disease microbes in order to prevent spreading. Another important aspect of being able to identify unknown microbes is the

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic molecules found in every living organism. These macromolecules are large carbon based structures. The macromolecules are assembled by joining several smaller units, called monomers, together through a chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis. The resulting polymer can be disassembled through the complementary process called hydrolysis.Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. This means that for every carbon atom present in the carbohydrate there are two hydrogen

An endospore is a dormant of a bacterial cell. It is a non-reproductive structure that ensures survival of a bacterium through stressful environmental conditions. Unknown #76, using aseptic technique, was inoculated to a nutrient sporulation medium (NSM) plate. This concerns a selective medium that increases the initiation of endospore production. A spore-former would have green-pigmented endospore cells when looked at under the microscope. From the growth on the NSM, I smeared it aseptically to a wet slide. Slide was then left to be air-dried for about 10 minutes. It was important to heat fix the slide using a micro incinerator. The succeeding steps had to be taken with caution because the primary stain, malachite green, is toxic. Under the hood, the slide was covered with a properly cut size of paper towel. The slide was then stained and left to steam with malachite green. It was continuously followed up by applications of the stain so it may remain moist for 10 minutes. The slide was then rinsed and safranin was again used as a counterstain. Using oil immersion objective lens of the microscope, unknown #76 had only reddish-pink cells without any signs of spore formation. Thus the given unknown is a non-spore former. Bacillus subtilis was used for positive control and Escherichia coli for negative control for endospore

Our world is composed of many bacteria’s’ that can either help or destroy us. Therefore, its’s imperative to learn and study them. The purpose of the lab was to put into action the methods that have been learned in the laboratory to determine our unknown bacteria.

On April 6, 2016 at approximately 11:45am, a local police station got a call about a hostage situation at a local pharmacy. When police and medical examiners got to each crime scene, they learned that all of the hostages were given drugs and had overdosed on them. Some of the pills, in powder form, were found near the victims. One of the victims was stable enough to tell the investigators that the power on the floor were the drugs they were forced to take. The medical examiner found out each hostage was given either unknown A or unknown B. Both being over the counter drugs. The medical examiner narrowed down the list of 5 possible pain relievers and 3 antacids the unknown drugs could be. The purpose of this lab is to identify what the unknown

For the unknown phase two project, I was assigned unknown number one. After many tests, I came to the conclusion that my unknown was Acinetobacter baumannii. It had cultural characteristics of yellow or clear colony pigmentation, smooth and translucent surface, circular form, smooth margin, and flat elevation. The unknown’s broth properties included a ring, turbidity, and sediment.

The purpose of the study was to identify the unknown bacterium using various biochemical tests in addition to using scientific methods in determining the outcome of the hypothesis. Each biochemical test will help determine the bacteria based on specific characteristics of each organism. I was giving unknown number 232. The first procedure that needed to be done after obtaining unknown bacterial mixture was to isolate the two bacteria in a pure culture using the streak plate method described in Microbiology Laboratory Manual Eight Edition. The material used was trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate, nutrient plate, starch agar, hydrogen peroxide, iodine reagent and microscope. In order to obtain pure

Aseptic technique was initiated at the beginning of this experiment by cleaning the work surface with disinfected wipes. Personal protectives equipment was also worn. The material utilized in this experiment was: S. epidermidis culture broth, sterile cotton swab, streak plate, forceps in 70% alcohol, a lit tea light, and the three antibiotic disks (novobiocin, gentamicin, penicillin). The first step, I divided a plate into three quadrants and labelled them with the different antibiotic names. Using the lit tea light, like a bursen burner, I flamed the mouth of the S. epidermidis culture. The sterile cotton swab was inserted in the S. epidermidis culture and twirled around to obtain a specimen. The entire plate was inoculate with the swab from top to bottom, to achieve a lawn of growth. The dry forceps was used to remove the antibiotic disk into the appropriate spot on the plate. This process was repeated for the all antibiotics with aseptic technique being used. The plate was incubate with lid up on the bookshelf at room temperature for 48 hours. After 48 hours, I observed different growth patterns around the disks. I measured the zone of inhibition of each antibiotic and document them on Microbiology task 3

Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining. Approximately 60-90% of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan and interwoven teichoic acid, while only

From the Unknown tube professor Cooper gave me, I scratched a little on the slant surface with the sterilized inoculating loop. Then I place it on a clean prepared slide which already had a slight drop of water. The two substances are mixed together in the middle of the slide and let dry completely. One extra step of “heat fix” is necessary to adhere everything to the surface of the slide. To start gram staining, I slightly pour crystal-violet all over the slide and let it sit for 30 seconds before wash it off with water. Next, I dye the Unknown with Gram’s iodine to create a complex only have on gram positive. The slide is rinsed by water after 30 seconds. Decolorization is the next step of the whole process. I let the alcohol flow on 45-degree angle slide within 15 seconds and wash it with water to remove colors on the surface. Lastly, the unknown is once again dyed with safranin for 1 minute then wash it off with water for the last time and dry it using bibulous paper. After experiment on microscope under oil immersion, I learned that my Unknown is gram positive. Under the lens, the bacteria appears in purple color. Its morphology is cocci arranged in cluster. However, during decolorizing process, I put too much alcohol to the crystal violet-iodine complex making the color overly removed. That led to the result of my gram positive has slightly redish

The concentration of the Amylase was kept at 1% at at times throughout the experiment.

Prokaryotic organisms normally have a cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and sometimes a capsule. Bacterial cells are most commonly either coccus or bacillus in shape. The cell wall is either Gram positive or Gram negative. When the cell is Gram negative, the cell has an extra layer of lipopolysaccharides. The Gram positive has a thick layer of peptidoglycan. Bacteria usually have capsules, but archaea rarely have one. Inside the prokaryote is cytoplasm and a nucleoid. The nucleus is not enclosed inside of a membrane in prokaryotes. The cell may have appendages to adhere to certain surfaces or for motility. The prokaryotic cell is smaller than the eukaryotic cell and has different qualities that make the cell less complex than a eukaryotic cell.

Bio Chem lab Report 04 Enzyme Biochemistry Group Member: Chan Man Jeun Duncan (16002621) Law Sze Man (16000478) Introduction Enzyme is a protein base structure substance in our body. It works at a biocatalyst that will catalyzing the chemical reaction, which helps to speed up the chemical reaction. Enzyme could only function in specific shape, and the shape of enzyme is depending on the environment, therefore it is hard for an enzyme to function well in an extreme environment. The aim of this experiment is to see can the enzyme functions normally in different environment(pH, temperature and salt concentration) via using starch solution, amylase from saliva, 0.5M HCl solution, 0.5M NaOH solution and NaCl solution, and using iodine solution

After a gram stain was done unknown #257 was identified as a gram positive organism because when observed under the microscope the organism appeared purple with cocci in clusters. The organism was also catalase positive which means that it produced enzyme catalase and bubbled when hydrogen peroxide was added to it.

The majority of cells making up the human body are diploid cells carrying identical DNA, with the exception of haploid gametes and red blood cells. Several types of biological evidence such as blood and hair are commonly used in forensic science, which is the scientific study of evidence for crime scene investigations and other legal matters. Forensic science is used for the purpose of DNA analysis, this is the analysis of DNA samples to determine if it came from a particular individual. DNA analysis is done by obtaining DNA samples from an individual; next, a large sample of DNA is produced from amplified selected sequences from the DNA collected. Finally, the amplified DNA regions are compare using a gel. DNA Profiling