Microwaves: The Two Main Issues In Wireless Communication
Microwaves are electromagnetic signals used in most wireless communication networks. Their wavelengths range from one meter to one millimetre; with frequencies between 300 MHz (100 cm) and 300 GHz (0.1 cm). 802.11 is a set of specifications developed by IEEE for Wireless Networks (WLAN – Warless Local Area Network).
SAQ’s
i. What are the basic building blocks of a communication system? ii. Define wireless communication. iii. What are the two main issues in wireless communication? iv. What are microwaves?
1.1.2 Mobile and telecommunication
History
Mobile communication dates back to 1919 when United States began ship-to-shore wires mobile telephony on coastal steamers between Boston and Baltimore. In 1929, Amplitude Modulation (AM) technology
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These various tests led to the understanding that signal propagation can be understood by three factors: distance, received power and fading effects. Post World War II witnessed a hike in the number of activities concerning mobile communication technology, especially at higher frequencies. By the end of 1946, about 25 cities in the United States had been operating commercial land-mobile telephone systems. The basic principle behind this system was the usage of FM transmission in the frequency band of 150 MHz, with carrier frequencies at 120 KHz spacing.
Later, attempts were made to reduce the spacing between carrier frequencies, but because of lack of efficient receivers, some issues were raised. The early mobile communication calls were placed with the help of a manual operator. Push-to-talk procedure was used for parties at both ends to communicate, or in other words to make use of the frequency channel. This type of communication is known as half-duplex communication. About 40 channels were available at that time to place
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The early 1960’s saw a major development in the way cell phones were being used. Bell Laboratories carried out experiments using FM transmission with carrier channel spacing of 30 KHz. For the first time, a full duplex communication was achieved, i.e., both parties could talk simultaneously with each side of the conversation having their own frequency channel. Since the number of users kept increasing, a call being blocked was observed commonly and was quite
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