MIGRATION AS A LIVELIHOOD STRATEGY
A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
The article Migration as a Livelihood Strategy is written by S Sundari and she conducted a study in the Tamil Nadu with the migrant workers, or in other words S Sundari tried to focus on the female migrant workers. The article views the migration as a Gender Perspective and also highlights the pattern, trend, nature of female migration and focuses that how migration helps the females to earn their livelihood. She addresses the push and the pull factor that motivate the women for their migration and that migration later help those women to find their livelihood. The study shows both the positive as well as the negative aspects of the migration.
MIGRATION when people move from one place or location to the another place, is called migration but migration doesn't mean any casual visit or a tour from one place to the another. Migration is simply a pre-emptive move by the people, it is the survival aptitude that sometimes
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It indicates the pattern of female migrants that the migration from rural to urban is higher than the migration from urban to urban. The respondents included in this study, approx 50 percent of the respondents were dependent on agriculture. People from the least developed and the people from the areas that are prone for the drought, are forced to move to the urban areas. It was also found by the author that the mostly migration was happened during 1991-2000 and it was mainly because of the unfavorable employment opportunities for the people in rural areas. Author lists the major states from which most of the people migrate are Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and pondicherry and the major sending districts are Tirunelveli, Theni and Dindigul, Erode, Kancheepuram and Dharmapuri,
Introduction A form of literature using a series of techniques, Poetry evokes meaning like no other form of writing. Poetry in Australia seeks to recall stories and truths through its richness and diversity. The subject of belonging by means of migration is prominent in many poetic works, but none more so than in the pieces created by Bruce Dawe and Peter Skrzynecki. Exploring the same theme, the poems are written from opposite perspectives.
The Lives of Migrant Farmworkers is article where Dirk Frewing recalls he lives as he grew up. He begins his article painting a picture of nurturing parents that would take him and his sister on driving excursions through farmland. Seizing an educational opportunity, he parents informed him how hard the farm hands work. The official introduction to the life of a farmworker came when Frewing was in college literature through the book Plum Plum Pickers. Frewing then went on to frequent work camps/fields with a friend.
In the following paragraphs I will address the migration of African Americans, and will formally refer to this specific group as Black Americans. One of the most interesting movements in history was the “Great Migration”. During this time period many black Americans found an alternative for a better life. Many travelled to different parts of the country, mainly relocating to the urban cities such as; New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit. Adjusting to this new life style would be a complication that many Black Americans would face.
This essay discusses black people in the 1900s and their thoughts on The Great Migration. Slaves had just been emancipated, however 64 years later the struggle for survival didn’t get any easier for them. Blacks in the south was drowning, and barely maintaining. Blacks in the north however, were doing more decent then people in the south. It was easier for northerner to get a job and afford education, southerners on the other hand could not, and in fact they work more in fight to live than survive.
Inspired by a line in a Richard Wright poem about his own personal migration North, Isabel Wilkerson’s 2010 Pulitzer Prize Winning nonfiction novel, The Warmth of Other Suns, focuses on three individual experiences as well as other accounts from 1915 to 1970 - the period known as the “Great Migration.” Taking place over the course of three different decades, Ida Mae Gladney, George Swanson Starling, and Robert Pershing Foster never encountered each other during their journeys. Each came from different parts of the Jim Crow South and individually journeyed to three different areas of the Northern United States. The Great Migration was the expedition of almost six million Southern blacks entering the “promised land” of Northern urban life. Although
Born in the small town Earle, Arkansas, Moody Jones interest in music started at a very early age when he learned how to play the guitar after his brother bought him a broken guitar for $3, which Moody fixed and started to develop an interest for. In this rural farming town only 2,400 people reside, 88.7% being African American and 10.8% being caucasian (Komara, E. M. 2006). As the years went by Moody Jones played guitar for country dances and at his local church. Jones moved to East St. Louis in the late 20’s, by which he was already making music from homemade instruments. Later Moody leaned the guitar in 1938, so he moved to Chicago and joined the blues circuits along with his cousins Floyd Jones and Snooky Pryor.
When making a permanent move to a new location it is known as migration, but what triggers this movement? It all relates to push and pull factors of why one may move or leave to a new country/territory/state. The factors that contribute to this is through economic, political, cultural, and environmental. Since the 1820’s till now there has been a big move of US citizens to California but lets dig deeper as to exactly what may have influenced them to make this move.
Throughout African American History, there have been many migration concerning African Americans. From the Middle Passage, all the way to the Modern Migration that is happening right now. African Americans have been moved from where their African roots lies, to being moved all over the United States. These movements have done a great deal to African American History, as they have affected the customs that African Americans have practiced over time. These movements have been great in their own right, and the greatest one of all of them is the Great Migration.
Migration Essay Migration. Such a simple concept, yet it has cause so many problems in the past and is still today. Our desire for a new life and the hope that the struggles and hardships of the last drive us to seek out new lands. The migrations of the past helped not only to shape our country, but the world as we know it today.
URBAN MENTAL HEALTH Urbanization being defined as the increase in the number of cities and urban population, is not only a demographic movement but also includes, social, economic and psychological changes that constitute the demographic movement. It is a process that leads to the growth of cities due to industrialization and economic development. The rapid increase in urban population worldwide is one among the important global health issues of the 21st century. In India approximately 28% of the India’s population lives in cities and this is expected to increase to 41% by the year 2020 (UN World Urbanization Prospects 2008).
Critical analysis of push and pull factors of migration and with Also gendered migration Throughout human history migration has been part of human life. People have migrated between and within countries. With a compression of space and time by the process of globalization migration has escalated. The inequality and uneven economic development between and within countries has forced people from developing countries to developed countries and also from rural to urban areas. Lee (1966) introduced the concepts of push and pull factors as the determinants of migration.
Neoclassical Theory of Migration One of the oldest and most commonly used theory used to explain migration is the Neoclassical theory of Migration. Neoclassical Theory (Sjaastad 1962; Todaro 1969) proposes that international migration is connected to the global supply and demand for labor. Nations with scarce labor supply and high demand will have high wages that attract immigrants from nations with a surplus of labor. The main assumption of neoclassical theory of migration is led by the push factors which cause person to leave and the pull forces which draw them to come to that nation. The Neoclassical theory states that the major cause of migration is different pay and access to jobs even though it looks at other factors contributing to the departure, the essential position is taken by individual higher wages benefit element.
Even though the remittances represent an important economic benefit, the migration of people deprives the society of the gains associated with educated manpower. The current phenomenon available is of the "educated unemployed" which represents an important migration push factor to the
Transnational migration study is not a new phenomenon and it has been found that “this process is happening more regularly on a basic routine because of fast growing technology and the spread of globalization.” It is generally agreed that with the rapid acceleration of economic globalization, transnational trend has gradually become a global phenomenon. The convenient transportation and advanced technology have really helped to make the transnational process easier. Thus transnational immigrants can easily and frequently travel cross-borders in sending and receiving country. In this way, transnational immigrants experience different cultures, norms and values and they can also bring goods and investments to help them to incorporate into mainstream society.
Some of them moved to seek for freedom of worship and some even moved because of the instability of the government. In modern days, seeking for a better life and a stable economy become the main factors that influences migration. Sociologist have long analysed migration in terms of the "push-pull" model. This model differentiates between push factors that drive people to leave home from pull factors that attract migrants to a new location.