EDF3551 Assignment 1:
Teaching literacy skills students with mild intellectual disabilities are vital to reading and comprehending, yet often there is limited research and suggestions for teaching students’ phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. This essay will be examining key suggestions on teaching a grade on a student with a mild intellectual disability the literacy skills required for reading comprehension.
In terms of classifying intellectual disabilities, the use of Intelligence Quotient test scores is the main identifier of diagnosing a person with Intellectual Disability. The consensus of classifying intellectual disability falls into one of three labels: Mild, Moderate and severe.
Mild Intellectual disabilities are defined by Hyde, Carpenter and Doyle as having an Intelligent Quotation ranging from 55 to approximately 70 and are not identified until the student fails at school subjects. (Hyde, Carpenter & Dole, 2017, p.210) However, it is important that the label of mild intellectual disability does not mean that the person’s disability is not classed as a though the person can function as though they do not have a disability. A student with a mild intellectual disability will need assistance with day to day life and issues. In some cases, mild intellectual disabilities will often become
I knew he would win. When Chris demolished Mike Barbour in the swimming competition, he demonstrated what I already knew: a cognitive disability does not limit one’s athletic ability. After all, Mike Barbour’s athletic skill is irrelevant when it comes to swimming. “If you’re going to be a swimmer you gotta swim” (Crutcher 260).
The largest advocacy group for the intellectually disabled, the Association for Retarded Citzens,is now simply ARC (Fairman). The term mental retardation is being replaced with intellectual disability by The Center for Disease Control and Prevention because this word has become so taboo. People have managed to turn innocent words into hateful speech so much so that professional establishments and groups will no longer use those words because they are deemed as a negative term. Even if someone disagrees with Fairman’s argument about not banning certain words, his paper and his assumptions are acceptable because people have heard for themselves just how these words are being used
There are numerous assessments that can be done to determine if a person has intellectual disabilities and at what degree they have. There are three components to test to figure out if a person has intellectual disabilities and they are adaptive behavior, intellectual functioning and the support those people need from others. By giving these tests out, a teacher or mentor can figure out different ways to help develop programs that best fit the needs of that specific child and also figure out the specific services needed to help them academically. In order to figure out a child 's present level of performance (PLOP) within their intellectual disability, there have to be assessments to figure out what strengths and deficits that child has in social,
The Americans with Disabilities Act or the ADA which was passed and signed on July 26, 1990 into law by President George W. Bush, prohibits the discrimination against people with disabilities in employment such as transportation, public accommodation, communications, and government. Within the Deaf community, getting a job is a slight more difficult than it is for those who can hear because of the obvious deafness they have. With the backing of the Americans with Disabilities Act, those who experience deafness have a better opportunity to be able to coexist normally within the workplace. The ADA helps also with establishing equality within the workplace which does not limit the deaf such as teletypewriters.
“Only 50 years ago persons with intellectual disabilities were scorned, isolated and neglected. Today, they are able to attend school, become employed and assimilate into their local community” (Nelson Mandela). Prior to the later part of the 20th century people with intellectual disabilities were often ridiculed, treated unfairly, feared, and locked away in institutions. According to Rhonda Nauhaus and Cindy Smith in their article Disability Rights through the Mid-20th Century, The laws of any nation reflect its societal values. The real life issue of discrimination towards people with intellectual disabilities in the United States and Australia is demonstrated in the novel, Of Mice and Men by showing how this issue affects one of the main characters, Lennie Smalls.
When I was a child, I always had to read paragraphs multiple times because I struggled with reading. This caused me to spend more time on reading than other children reading the same material. I thought I was stupid. Then one morning, my mother told me that I had dyslexia. Dyslexia causes reading and writing to require more energy and time.
Following comprehensive assessment of Camden’s reading, two main areas were identified in requiring additional support, comprehension and fluency through prosody and word recognition. Overall, his comprehension skills are lacking as demonstrated by his weak SAT scores and FAIR-FS scores. Specifically, as indicated by the QRI-5 results, inferential comprehension proved to be difficult in Camden’s reading comprehension while he didn’t have a problem with explicit comprehension. Literal comprehension involves finding the answer in the text. However, inferential comprehension is a more difficult skill since it requires finding the clues in the text while putting it together with schema to make an educated guess.
29). Learning disabilities, as defined by the National Center for Learning Disabilities (2014), are "neurological differences in brain structure and function and affect a person 's ability to receive, store, process, retrieve or communicate information" (p. 3). Furthermore, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2004) defines a learning disability as a disorder that affects one or more of the basic processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written. Students receiving special education services under IDEA must demonstrate that their disability significantly impacts their learning. For many students who struggle to read because of a learning disability, they perceive and sense the impact their disability has on their
English-language learners (ELLs) with special needs belong to a minority group and require specific direction for educators on how to help these students in the school context and how to help to improve their educational outcomes. This is one of the most important topics in the field of education in the USA. The main issue of the teachers is to decrease the achievement gap between ELLs and their peers. Though, the educational needs of ELLs are diverse and rather complicated. English language learners face many obstacles due to their cultural and linguistic diversity.
Stella young is a disabled woman who gives a Ted talk on why she is not your inspiration. In this talk she mentions how disabled people as a whole are seen as making huge achievements and being an inspiration to others when they are just living their normal lives. Stella goes on to explain how when she was younger her community wanted to nominate her for an achievement award even though she had done nothing out of the ordinary, but just because she is in a wheelchair. It’s common to idolize images of men and women who are “beating the odds” and are doing things “despite” their disability, when in reality they are “using their body to the best of their ability” (Young, 2014) I agree with Stella’s argument here.
During instructional modification they learned to analyze and decode words also, due to their short term memory, the skills they learnt had to be applied throughout the day, prompting them to remember to use the skills that were previously taught. The inclusion of the RTI process in IDEA 2004 has changes the way learning disability are now determine. In 2004 congress made changes to the Individuals with Disabilities Act implemented an alternative to identifying students with learning disabilities known as RTI. Prior to 2004, a student was labeled with having a learning disability only if a significant discrepancy of 1 ½ standard deviation between their IQ score and academic
According to Ripley, S. (1998), traditionally, special education teachers worked with students in a self-contained environment as well as the general education teachers worked in a room alone. However, overtime, learning disabled students more and more are being included in regular education classes. Therefore, the need for collaboration between the regular education teacher and the special education teacher continues to grow. Today, many schools are setting up cooperative teaching programs that team a special education teacher with a team of regular education teachers in order to reach all students and have them all benefit from the same lesson plans. The special added exception is that the learning-disabled students have the extra benefit of having someone who specializes in
Focus on reading skills, the 63% of students chose they hardly can identify the main idea from a text. They mentioned being able to easily recognize when reading connectors such as: and, but and first, second, then, and they present difficulties with connectors or and because. Regarding the common strategies they apply when reading, the use of the dictionary and re- reading are the decisions they make to solve a reading task. Although they chose the basic level, at the moment to explain that decision, at least 10 students argued to have difficulties when reading a text, therefore there was no relation between their choices on the level and their arguments.
I spent my fifteen hours observing two special education classrooms at Sulphur Intermediate School. One focused on math and the other on reading, though many of the children I observed worked in both classrooms. The students were in the third, fourth, and fifth grades. Most of the students had mild to moderate disabilities and simply needed extra help in reading, math, or both subjects. They did not stay for the entire day, but rather came for certain periods.
Disabled people are people who have mental or physical limitation so they depend on someone to support them in doing their daily life needs and jobs. Although disabled people are a minority and they are normally ignored, they are still a part of the society. The statistics show that the proportion of disabled people in the world rose from 10 percent in the seventies of the last century to 15 percent so far. The number of handicapped exceeds a billion people all over the world, occupied about 15 percent of the world's population, as a result of an aging population and the increase in chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, blood and psychological diseases that are related with disabilities and impairments. Every five seconds someone