1. Introduction:
The use of minority language in education will prevent the minority language from extinction and also preserve the cultural identity of the people.
Spain is the specific state and this essay deals with the compliance of Spain national law with international law at the regional level to protect the right to use Catalan minority language in education in Catalonia regions.
Though there are separate legal systems in Spain, the application of Catalan minority language in education is common within the regions where it is an official language. In Catalonia, the legislation approves the existence of Catalan and averts the segregation of students by language, since there exist just a single system of teaching in education prior to College.
The 1978 constitution of Spain is the supreme legal
…show more content…
It also meant to protect minority languages that are lacking official status in member states. Spain signed this treaty in 1992 and ratified it in 2001. By ratifying this treaty Spain is in compliance with it and involved a high level of obligation to it. Article 8 made mentioned on education. Article 8(1) made provision only to the territory where the minority language is being used. Article 8(1)(a)(i) mentioned the use of minority language in pre-school education, while article 8(1)(a)(ii) mentioned the use of minority language in substantive part of pre-schools education. Article 8(1)(b)(i) make provision for minority language in primary education, while article 8(1)(b)(ii) make provision for minority language for substantive part of primary education. Article 8(c)(i)(ii) make provision for the use of minority language in secondary education. Article 8(d)(i) gives provision to the use of minority language in technical and vocational education. While article 8(e)(i) gives provision of the use of minority right in university and other higher
x = 10 while x ! = 0 : print x x = x - 1 print " we 've counted x down, and it now equals", x print "And the loop has now ended." Boolean Expressions
The only way through which this was achieved was through discouraging the use of the native language in the institutions. The children were first taken away from their families and forced to speak a language that they never understood. This was a terrible experience, particularly when the failure to conform to the rules meant serious punishment. In retrospect, Isabela mentioned that the schools were “places in which many of the kids’ prayers were never answered” (Knockwood, 2001, pp.
Spanish is spoken by 500 million people and will reach 600 million speakers by 2050. Spanish is the official language of 22 countries. Students should be required to learn Spanish. The first reason that students should be required to take Spanish class is that many people know Spanish all around the country.
Castro, Ph.D, the author of this article, has effectively used and appeal to the readers emotions, a mass of reasoning and logic using statistics, data, and and personal experiences to get his point across. He conveyed the message that Spanish is threatened in the United States due to many reasons. Even as a non-native Spanish speaker I can see the value of keeping your ancestral language alive. I can’t imagine losing English, my native language in the future or how it would affect my culture and heritage. In the future I can see this author being successful as they know how to write based on their audience.
Furthermore, another question someone may ask is, “What makes Latinos different from African American students that also live in poor districts with little resources”? First of all, it is important to recognize that it is true that African American students also live in impoverished communities and attend lowly funded schools. However, the difference is that there is a language barrier that disadvantages both parents and students. When students are enrolled into school, the first question school officials ask is “What is the child’s first spoken language”? This question automatically categorizes that student.
One of the ways the author used logos in his writing was by stating that the English-Only campaign transformed into a movement in 1931 in order to ban all non-English languages in government documents and printed material regarding any federal, state, and local government information. Because of how difficult achieving this was, it was decided to create a law called “Language of Government” that mandates that the official language of the federal government is English. Since this happened, 27 states have passed laws that state English as the “official” language of their territory. Also, with this, the author is trying to make his readers see the severity of this situation by exposing the number of states that have dedicated time and resources into making sure that English is the only language being spoken in their territory. On the other hand, by citing the National Association of Multicultural Education, shows the importance of bilingualism and how it is stated is stated in various official government documents such as the U.S. Declaration of Independence, constitutions of South Africa and the United States, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was adopted by the United Nations.
Through the history, Quebec Francophone and the rest Anglophones came up several agreements on language education and culture but it never really fixes this problem. French speakers and English speakers discriminate each other and they refuse to provide education and services. Possible solution was placed in the section 16-23. In section 16-22 established the bilingual system and the position of the French language, it guaranteed French would be available in all government services and parliament. The bill in French and English versions is equally authoritative.these section provide a path to ameliorate the relationship; section 23 provided the the language education right, subsection (A) item one stated: “whose first language learned and still
This is occurring in a school district that is located on the “wrong” (east) side of El Paso and serves a student population that is 88.1 percent Hispanic and 73.4 percent economically disadvantaged. Dual language has helped liberate its students from the grim statistical reality that half of the Hispanic students in Texas will become dropouts: Ysleta boasts a graduation rate of 84 percent, well above both the Dallas and Houston school districts. A pioneer in dual language, Del Valle in 2005 graduated the first class to begin the program in elementary school. Instead of leaving Spanish behind for all-English classes, students were taught core subjects like algebra and world history in both Spanish and English. - See more at:
In “Let them die” essay, Kenan Malik assert that endangered languages in the world should be left to dead. In other word, the minority languages should not be preserved, because it is not related to the achievement of “cultural diversity” (Malik, 3). Indeed, he expresses, dying languages should be removed in order to reach the “dynamic and responsive” (Malik, 6) culture. However, the claims that Malik uses in his essay does not tackle the counter argument correctly. In addition, the evidences in the essay is not clear.
A language sample analysis (LSA) is a tool that generates the coding and transcriptions of a language sample to document the language used every day in various speaking situations (Miller, Andriacchi, & Nockerts, 2016). Language samples are typically 50-100 words in length and are voice-recorded and then transcribed by the clinician. Language samples are done using spontaneous speech, such as typical conversation, or narrative contexts, such as story or event recalls (Miller, Andriacchi, & Nockerts, 2016). The speech-language pathologist (SLP) will take the recording and write out, in the exact words of the child and clinician, every utterance (Bowen, 2011). The SLP will then "code" the sample.
Language forms a part of culture and identity. Bilingualism is the right to speak multiple languages. Part of bilingualism is keeping and developing a passion for language. In the essay “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School,” Martín Espada suggests the definition of bilingualism and the importance of keeping it. Espada understands the difficulty of continuing to speak Spanish.
Rodriguez would speak English in school because to him it was a “public language”, while Spanish was a “private language” (72). Rodriguez
The article 'Mother Tongue ' by author Amy Tan is about the variations in the English language the author uses in her life. She describes her English when giving a speech to a other people, English she uses when speaking to her mother, and English she uses in her writing. She tells of difficulties faced by both her mother and herself from these many differences. Amy 's goal in this article is to show that a person does not have to speak proper English to be seen as smart or intelligent.
Discrimination is an action or a decision that treats a man or a social affair gravely for reasons, for instance, their race, age or debilitate. It includes so many things like race/ethnicity, age, color, region, sex, employment and culture. Language is one of the discrimination types which I am going to describe. It is very important part of every culture, religion or country. It is a way of communication through which we all share our feelings to each other.
The ability to develop foreign language become reduces. Besides the age factor Experience and school environment as well as the teaching. They play an important role in the development of language skills. So the bilingual is necessary: using