Minority Stress Theory

Furthermore, the test is also reliable because it also uses another variable to test its reliability known as the test-retest reliability. The test-retest reliability displays how much correlation there is between the original test done and the retake. As seen in 16personality test records, they have high test-retest reliability of over 0.70 higher indicating that there is less variability, ultimately producing reliable results. Another way reliability is promoted throughout the personality test is through the lack of true and false questions. True and false questions force the subject to relate to a statement and question they might not relate to and ultimately forces them to decide on the spot (Danielson, 2018).

According to the study published online in APA’s Journal of Counseling Psychology, “The relationship between perceived racism and self-reported depression and anxiety is quite robust, providing a reminder that experiences of racism may play an important role in the health disparities phenomenon. For example, African-Americans have higher rates of hypertension, a serious condition that has been associated with stress and

Psychotherapy is as effective as medication in treating depression and is more effective than medication in preventing relapse (DeRubeis, Siegle, & Hollon, 2008). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) pertains to a class of interventions whose premise is that mental disorders and psychological distress are maintained by cognitive factors. Beck (1970) and Ellis (1962), were the pioneers Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach of the core premise of holds that maladaptive cognitions contribute to the maintenance of emotional distress and behavioral problems. A review of meta-analytic studies by Hofmann, Asnaani, Vonk, Sawyer, and Fang (2012) examined the efficacy of CBT and it demonstrated that this treatment has been used for a wide range of psychological problems such as cannabis and nicotine dependence, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, depression, anxiety disorders, bulimia, insomnia, personality disorders, stress management and more studies being conducted to study its effectiveness. There is a well-established literature regarding effective cognitive behavioral therapy in treating mental health problems, specifically those utilizing face-to-face counseling.

(1991) indicates that the balance between negative and positive feelings is a good indicator of happiness. This suggests the measurement of objective happiness by means of individual balance of positive and negative experiences. Other studies revealed that purely measuring positive emotions, strong implications could be made about the individual happiness level; they can be seen as markers and sources of happiness (Diener, 2005). This is the reason why Seligman only used positive emotions in the PERMA model. Having a valued and worth filling positive life also strongly depends on positive emotions, (Fredrickson, 2001) due to the high correlation of life satisfaction and SWB (Michalos, et al., 2009).

The impact that residential segregation and health disparities among African Americans have is minorities become sicker and die more often because they lack medical insurance or have unhealthy lifestyles. Minorities receive unequal treatment from the medical system, regardless of economic status and insurance coverage. These researchers say segregation’s negative impact on health is true particularly for African-Americans, who studies consistently show are most likely to live apart from other racial-ethnic groups. Blacks, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have the highest overall death rate in the country. The rate of high blood pressure among African-Americans is highest not just in the nation, but also in the world, the American Heart Association reports, as is the percentage of black men who contract prostate

Bentham and Mill’s theories of Utilitarianism can be exemplified in trolley problem one, the passive approach. Kant’s theory of value states that the only intrinsically good thing is the “Good Will”, which is the will of an agent doing their duty for the sake of duty. For example, things that seem good like wit, money, or intelligence, are only good to the extent that they bring us other things. Kant stresses right action, the action done from duty without self-interest, and goodness, which is based on motivation and intention. One of Kant’s ideas was that of the categorical imperative, in which you act as though you maxim might become a universal law.

According to Chin (2005), populations at risk are the individuals that are mostly susceptible to disease such as underprivileged, weak, incapacitated, economically disadvantaged, homeless, racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with low knowledge or education, victims of abuse or maltreatment, and individuals with social risk elements such as isolation . While vulnerable population is a group or groups that are more possible to develop health-related problems, have more trouble gaining access to health care to address those health difficulties, and are more likely to experience a poor consequence or shorter life span because of those health conditions. That is, there are provoking factors that place individuals at greater risk for persistent poor health status than other at-risk individuals (Maurer, 2013). Risk and vulnerability are interrelated to each other.

discrimination and stigmatisation can

(4, 5)Stigma was explained by Thornicroft et al., with three interrelated elements as ignorance, prejudice and discrimination. This stigma associated with persons with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) causes discrimination in India. By treating the mental illness clinically we can observe the reduction in associated stigma.(6) The unipolar major depression was accounted as major cause of disease burden among women in

Depression is a condition that causes serious symptoms, which affect your mood, thinking, behavior and just any of the basic daily activities. According to ADAA (Anxiety and Depression Association of America), depression is one of the most frequent mental disorders in the United States. It is stated, that around 3 to 5 percent of adults suffer from severe depression and the number of children encountering the symptoms is of a great concern. The core symptoms of the intense depression are a loss of interest or pleasure and depressed mood. Gradually, other alternative symptoms may follow like weight gain or loss, insomnia, fatigue, inability to concentrate and suicidality, feeling of worthlessness.

Atypical Depression is a deficiency in interpersonal being and social skills due to the dangerous and understanding of denial. For the reason that these folks are extremely sensitive, and they exaggerate and in excess of thinking other’s people’s comments and ideas, and accept as true actions that are individual assaults. Several people that are suffering from atypical depression statement that this understanding started in their early childhood and may perhaps during times gone by of physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse (Fields, 2013). Social Anxiety Disorder consists of devastating uneasiness and being self-consciousness roughly on a daily social situations. This uneasiness frequently centers itself on the panic of being judged by other

There are many types of mental illness such as anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder and depression. These illnesses can be harmful and cause an intended acts or thoughts. Depression is an obvious example of these illnesses that cause uncontrolled acts, but it is not considered as a weakness. Depression is not a choice, but a long-term disease because it affects the body negatively and can lead to death.

CRITIQUE OF ARTICLE: I thought this to be an excellent article that provided a clear understanding of the paraeducator’s role in the classroom and how to make the educational team a success. There were several key suggestions that I know as a regular educator would be and have been excellent tools for my understanding of new strategies and teaching techniques. I can see where these would be extremely beneficial for the paraeducator as well. I love the way the authors say to include the paraeducators in setting the tone for the classroom by creating the shared philosophy together.

Dissociation causes victims to feel “checked out” or impairs one’s ability to function in the real world (Black). To summarize, there are many negative impacts left onto the individuals facing spousal abuse, not to mention the effects these could leave on society as

Character builders are models who exhibit numerous traits which enrich the character of the people around them. To build the character of those around them, character builders are: respectful, humble, a developer of character in students, and are generous. All of these words describe my principal, Mrs. Crockett. The words are evident in her daily performances and the way she treats faculty, staff, students, and parents at the school. Respect is an important part of any relationship, and it is crucial in a school setting.