In South Africa, our media noticeably underrepresents as well as misrepresents women every single day. Women make up approximately fifty percent of our population; yet do not nearly make up that much in representation in the media. When they are represented, they are either misrepresented as victims or are completely sexually objectified. Their bodies are advertised as goods, as ‘things’, and used as bait to hook the interest of buyers in anything, even products that are utterly irrelevant to sex and sexuality.
“Sex may sell, but the media has the power to change this.”
- Lwanga Mwilu. Consultancy Africa Intelligence. Buy a burger, buy sex: South African media representations of women. 2010. See more at: http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=438:buy-a-burger-buy-sex-south-african-media-representations-of-women&catid=59:gender-issues-discussion-papers&Itemid=267
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In recent times, the media is one of the most powerful and influential tools available to mankind. The media has the power to shape the way we think, and as Noam Chomsky believed, “the way we think shapes the way we speak, which in turn shapes the way we act.” (Moffett; 2003) Indirectly, the media portraying women as objects of sex, and as things men and/or women are simply permitted to, can standardize and even romanticize the exploitation of women. The sexual violence against women.
South Africa’s advertising industry virtually relies entirely on objectifying women, because the products they are selling profit from being associated with erotic, suggestive portrayals of society’s ideal attractive woman. Therefore, our media obeys and propagates the sexualization that belittles women’s pride, just because sex sells. It does not nearly matter enough that a) this downright breaks the law;
“The main objectives of this Act [Equality Act] are, among
In "Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt," the author, Jean Kilbourne, talks about how women are sexualized and mistreated in the public eye by advertisements. She contends that men and women in the media are distorted as sex images and instruments: Women are portrayed as mediocre in contrast with men. For example, she states that the woman is “rewarded for her sexuality by the man’s wealth.” The media has aimed towards promoting either women or men particularly. In one advertisement, she clarifies how a tie organization publicizes ties by having ties laid in a botched up bed — as though showing that this brand of tie will help you get laid.
Longaker and Walker identify how dehumanization effects emotion by discussing, “The Nazi pogrom, Jews were often made to do disgusting things—scrub toilets, relieve themselves publicly—to make them seem less than human and more deserving of cruel treatment and even mass extermination” (212). Similarly, advertisements can dehumanize individuals, like women, by portraying them in grotesque situations or environments. As a result, a society lessens respect for these individuals and creates a mentality that fosters abuse. Kilbourne tries to illuminate this issue by presenting various advertisements that are suggestive of women, and elaborates on the effects these advertisements have on society. For instance, alcohol companies tend to target women with advertisements like, “A chilling newspaper ad for a bar in Georgetown features a close-up of a cocktail and the headline, ‘If your date won’t listen to reason, try a Velvet Hammer’”
Introduction In this paper I am going to analyze how the media affects the gender stereotypes that the documentary Miss Representation addressed. I believe that, the media perpetuates harmful stereotypes to both men and women. In this paper I will argue that Audre Lorde would agree with my thesis but she would also believe that the minority needs to be looked at more as well. In this paper I will argue that Rebecca Walker would agree with my thesis.
Dehumanization is the process through which someone asserts control and power, treating the person as an inanimate object with no dimension or surface; becoming an object means being acted upon rather than being the active subject. It is easier to be violent to someone who one already feels power over. Dehumanizing women and men is similar to pornography, where either violence or status (men over women) promotes “power over other” (Kilbourne 420). According to Jean Kilbourne in her essay, “‘Two Ways a Women Can Get Hurt’:Advertising and Violence”, advertisement is portraying women’s body as objects that both lead to dehumanization, violence, and mistreatment toward women. Considering the opposing characterization between males and females, femininity refers to submissiveness and vulnerability that is often depicted in advertisement.
Being a young woman in America, I have stared eye to eye with the guidelines that the media has handed to me. The documentary, Miss Representation, directed by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, discusses how the media’s objectification of women impacts the lives of girls and women across America. Miss Representation shows that as a girl watches other women
This negative portrayal leads to self-hatred and a negative self-image for women. A major point of this is the idea of excessive thinness for women, which the advertising industry is dominantly influencing how women need to meet this standard. Kilbourne argues that advertising and the media cause women to believe this is the only standard and we must meet it. A recent advertisement in Glamour magazine for Kashi cereal “GoLEAN Crunch”, is a great example of how women are represented and materialized in today’s society. This advertisement supports and contradicts Kilbourne’s argument that advertisers depict women as powerless, in-shape and perfectly beautified to meet the standard created by the media.
The majority of modern society’s advertising conveys an oppressive message to American women. In advertisement campaigns, women are typically only considered and marketed as beautiful if they fit a very specific mold that society has created. Women who don’t fit this mold of being feminine, thin, and pretty are shamed and encouraged to change. However, it isn’t just the “ugly” women who are shamed in the media. There is a consistent message that runs throughout advertisements that suggests that women are lesser than men, and that they exist solely for the benefit of men.
According to Julia T. Wood who works with communication there are three main themes that the media use when they represent gender. First, men and women are portrayed in stereotypical ways. Second, women are underrepresented. The third way is how the media portray the relationship between men and women with traditional gender roles and the normalization of violence against
Although the collective interest is among those affect it can also include the eternal audience. Within the film they showed how the media is what influences men’s actions and idea about what women should look like. Since this film extends to the external audience, which are the men, they too can be recruited into the movement to share the same common interest and goals of feminist to ensure that objectification of females is prevented (Taylor et al., 2004). One communal interest or goal the group may have is helping spread awareness that the representation of women in the media is
This form of objectification is often used as a means to appeal to men's sexual desires in order to promote and attract consumers, because marketers still latch onto the old “sex sells”, or so it would seem (Rowland, 2016). Music videos, magazines, fashion commercials, are all channels through which women are exploited and put out to be headless objects isolated for their bodies solely for sexual pleasure and viewing purposes. Rowland explains that although this charade may allure and trap most men, this is not the case for women. Emma Rooney cites in The Effects of Sexual Objectification on Women's Mental Health, “the sexual objectification of women is a driving and perpetuating component of gender oppression, systemic sexism, sexual harassment, and violence against women”. Jessica Vanlenti writes in ‘Worldwide sexism…Women’, that researchers from The University of Missouri-Kanas and Georgia State found these forms of objectification to be linked to women’s psychological distress, and are leading causes of suicide among young adolescent women.
EXTENDED ESSAY- GENDER BIAS IN THE MEDIA TOPIC: How does Media portray gender, and the effects it has on the 21st century individual? By: Calvin Mends INTRODUCTION:
This article focuses on how media especially advertisements highlights gender stereotypical images of both men and women. I.INTRODUCTION The term media refers to the groups that communicate information and news to the common people. The media holds immense power in democratic countries.
“Pornography is the theory; rape is the practice.” (Kutchinsky B. 1991) The word ‘pornography’ acquires and bears a constant negative connotation, the word itself encapsulates the abhorring behaviour of exploiting women’s rights and rape fantasies. With a long history, from the beginning of Playboy in the 1950’s (Sanburn, 2011), pornography has progressed hugely and is becoming more normalised and accepted. The pornography industry is predominantly catered to the male perspective, hence the male viewpoint portrayed against the female viewpoint portrayed in pornography.
The representation of gender in mass communications has been a hugely debated topic for years and will continue to be one for many more years to come. The media plays a big role in how they want to portray a gender to the public. They create certain stereotypes through the role of a gender in order to attract a large audience and interest to sell a product, brand or image. Media is so important in today’s society, people spend hours and hours each day watching TV, browsing the Internet and reading magazines. There are so many images of men and women in the media today that it certainly has an impact on the viewer’s thoughts and sense of identity.
To understand gender and the media, one needs to understand how feminism, masculinity and gender relations are being constructed in a world filled with rapid changes. From changes in gender relations, introduction of newer media technologies and the variety of control now available today, a multitude of factors influence how gender representations are made by the media. Construction of Gender There are a number of contradictions in how ‘gender’ is constructed by the media today. Stories of rape fill the evening news