Model Of Listening Essay

The assumption of listening as a fundamental language skill which the process of learn listening is similar between English as a Second Language (ESL) student and English as a First Language (EFL). Listening is receptive skill that the product is put on the other skill such speaking or writing so it is a process of human language accepting.

As receptive skill listening is relatively similar with first language listening in learning language because there are several processes in acquisition as it is stated by John Flowerdew and Linsday that listening as part of communication consist of some processes such hearing, attending, remembering, responding, and interpreting which is occurred both in first and second language. It can be accomplished

It is a wide description area of listening which is departed to the human respond of messages. The simple explanation about listening as a language processing when human receive language can be conclude that there are some processes in accepting the language like attending, responding, remembering, and interpreting with the form of result in verbal or nonverbal communication which can be covered by process, implementation, and student expectation in learning and teaching uses Randall’s ESL Cyber Listening

Model of Listening

There is some important aspect to identify listening and expand listening skills as it is covered all models of listening such bottom-up, top-down, and interactive model of listening.

Those models expose all process of listening acquisition as Flowerdew and Miller state Bottom-up means that it used as many times as that by using the smallest part in individual and then listen to the sound of voices joined together to make syllables into words which continued into word, phrase clause, and sentence . Eventually merge together to form a sentence or conversation text.

While Top-down listening model means hearing is based on knowledge and situation. The knowledge situation, context, text, conversation, phrases and sentences make listeners easy to get comprehension of listening discourse.

The next model of listening is interactive model which it cultivates skill involving the goal-oriented active and positive process of receiving and attending to aural stimuli which conscious is eliminated of perceptual barriers. This model processes simultaneously at different levels where in this parallel processing of complete linguistic interaction started by phonological, syntactic, semantic, until pragmatic. The important advantage of the interactive model is allowed for the possibility of individual variation in linguistic processing because the listeners are able to involve both models bottom-up and