Nonprofit Organization Effectiveness

2.5. Empirical studies conducted on nonprofit organizational effectiveness

Papadimitriou and Taylor (2000) applied the multiple constituency models of organizational effectiveness to a sample of Hellenic national sports organizations. The sample consists of board members, administrative staff, national coaches, elite athletes, international officials, and scientific consultants. Results suggest the value of using a multiple constituency approach when measuring the organizational effectiveness and it is clear from the findings that different constituent groups hold different perceptions, as well as the satisfaction of the strategic interest groups, play a significant role in the functioning of non-profit organizational setting.

Sowa and Selden

This study reviewed the NPO effectiveness literature produced over the last 10 years to develop a comprehensive model to evaluate NPO effectiveness. As NPO should distinguish between the management and program level (Balduck & Buelens, 2008). The (FDNOE) model uses the appropriate dimensions and criteria for the NPOs on each level after an extensive review of the literature to obtain an accurate picture of the current state. This model proposed focusing on the main dimensions of effectiveness and comprised of two primary and distinct levels: management and program. "management level" refers to organizational and management characteristics it describes the capabilities of an organization and the actions and the efforts of its managers. Lecy et al. (2011) asserted that organization should develop competencies in different areas (e.g. leadership, human resources, broad governance, financial controls, planning processes….) to grow and success. Scholars confirmed that more effective NPO have similar management practices. On the other hand, "program level" refers to the programs and services provided by the organization and for the NPOs, it is assessed by the program output, not by its

This method is important for many purposes, it makes NPO effectiveness measurable and addressing it in true organizational levels that help managers to measure and use effectiveness results to improve effectiveness in their organizations.

The effectiveness of such organization should be considered of how well the organization operates to its customers. Therefore, this model used the two levels proposed by Sowa et al. (2004): management and program.

Management level

The management level refers to the characteristics that relate to the organizational issues and manager’s activities within the organization.

Goal model

The goal model on management level refers to the managers and the staff roles in the achievement of managerial goals that should be clearly and competitive without conflict between each criterion as follow:

• Financial goals: refers to how the managers compete to get the financial resources from donors that help to keep your organization on track to provide the greatest possible value to the clients you