Modern Afghanistan Essay

Afghanistan emerged as a country during the 16th century, but from 1800 to 1880 Afghanistan was a divided into decentralized provincial kingdoms due to the princely wars for the thrown, the interferences of the regional countries and the great powers. As the role of the great powers was increasing in the region, the country was getting closer to the verge of getting wiped from the map of the world. However, due to the emergence of three Kings, Abdur Rahman, Habbibullah and Ammanullah who pacified the country, took it’s independence and lead the country for towards modernization.
The first ruler was Abdur rahman who played a great role in the history of modern Afghanistan from 1880-1901. He pacified the country which was engulfed in internal

There were four variables that shaped his reign: Habbibullah’s personality, the reformist movements going on in the region royal polygamy and the great game. Ammanullah was a clever and open minded person towards the modernization. He was greatly interested in modern widgets. He was also influenced by Alafghani’s reformist movement. The ongoing regional independent and anti-colonial movements also affected his personality. He made a school by the name of Habbibya, from which was to root the young afghan activists and the Siraj al Akhbar. However, the greatest step which he took and initiated the modernization movement was when he issued a decree of amnesty to the Tarzi and Musahiban families. It was tarzi who would influence Ammanullah and get Habbibullah’s support for the need of modernization. However, Habbibullah’s made some mistakes by marrying a daughter of the pro-British Musahiban family because it not only made a power rivalry in the palace, but also became a cause of the fall of Ammanullah rule and the transfer of power to the Musahiban