Respiratory System Assessment

Acute respiratory distress syndrome also called adult respiratory distress syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was originally defined by Ashbaugh et al in 1967 as a condition identify by rapid onset tachypnoea and hypoxaemia with loss of lung compliance and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph. ARDS happen both adult and children. ARDS may happen in people of any age. Its rate increases with advancing age, ranging from 16 cases per 100,000 person-years in those aged 15-19 years to 306 cases per 100,000 person-years in those between the ages of 75 and 84 years. The age reflects the incidence of the causes. Thousands and thousands of Americans pain from ARDS each year. Many more suffer all around the world.

The functions of the human cardiopulmonary system can be broken down into two, circulatory system and the respiratory system. The main goal of these two systems is to maintain homeostasis in our body. Homeostasis can be described as a type of condition where the internal continuity of an individual has to keep steadiness, regardless of any external changes from the outside environment. External changes from the outside environment may include factors such as excitement, stress, exercise, diet, and much more. Exercise can be carried out because the human body can endure a high level of exercise during a prolonged period of time. In this experiment, we will focus on how exercise, in particular, affects the cardiopulmonary physiology of boys across different body mass indexes.

The unit seminar is a lecture type in which the instructors at Kaplan University (KU) have to go over certain topics, subjects, or assignment. The lecture that the instructors have to go over most of the time go in detail how what the students should do and what these instructors are expected from these students. These seminars are important, and this is the moment the students can ask a live question and receives a clarification either to an assignment or a group project. To encourage the students to attend or to participate in these seminars, KU sometimes gives a 5 or 10 points for attendance. In addition, any student who misses the seminar, there is another arrangement that is made which is very good for this student not only

2. Explain the functions of the respiratory system. Cite the definitions and the differences between external and internal respiration. The respiratory system is responsible for bow we intake air into our bodies and out. It also helps provide oxygen to the body. External respirations is when you breathe in through your lungs and carbon dioxide exhaled out. Internal respirations is what you inhales goes from the lungs back to the heart.

Karl, as mentioned in the patient profile has been diagnosed with asthma. As this disease is very for broad for the purpose of this session I have choose to focus on the inhaler technique. It is a technique which is required on a daily basis and if the technique is not correct it can result in complications.

Whether you are performing a comprehensive / general survey assessment or a focused assessment, there are four basic tools employed which includes inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation (Jarvis, 2008). These methods recommended to be utilized in a well arranged manner from least disturbing or invasive to most invasive to the patient (Jarvis, 2008). Inspection is the first and most commonly used and during this assessment, the provider is striving to identify conditions that can be seen with eyes, ears, or nose such as skin color, bruises or rash, size of body parts, hair, ear, eyes and abnormal findings, sounds, and smell etc (Javier, 2015). For instance, Baid Heather 2006, suggested that if a patient walked into the room or facility, gait maybe observed, if on wheelchair or bed rest, posture issue will be noted while listening to the patient tone of voice or breathing will indicate neurological issues such as dizziness, inability speaking, difficulty swallowing, headache, head injury , vision issue, discharge from ear etc and respiratory issues hence this assessment is vital as it can lead to more evaluation and findings (Jarvis, 2015). Another is Auscultation which succeeds inspection, especially with abdominal assessment which is required to be auscultated prior percussion or palpation to curb production of false bowel sound because the assessment requires quiet to prevent false sounds and done over bare skin, listening to one sound at a time

To go past a outer visual assessment of the patient, if there is time a chest radiograph will be able to definitively prove the presence of respiratory distress syndrome "will show a characteristic uniform reticulogranular pattern (network of rough grainy-appearing lung tissue) and peripheral air bronchograms". [#4 Peretta] Another key visual term used for respiratory distress syndrome is "ground glass". With the respiratory distress comes a spread out collapse of the alveoli, because of this the lung volumes are much lower and the lung aren 't able to oxygenate properly. If the child 's respiratory distress isn 't treated they will permanently lose lung volume and their respiratory distress signs will

In the respiratory system, it contain numerous of organs that help transport blood with oxygen and eliminate the collected carbon dioxide from the blood. The lungs play an important role in the immune system as it helps defend toxic substances and avoid diseases such as:

Assessment- during assessment, information about the patient is acquired through examination and questions. In this stage the nurse needs to communicate with the patient in order to gather this data

In critically ill patients, several scoring systems have been developed. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) are the most common scoring systems used in the intensive care unit (ICU).[1]

The new and preferred term for taking the pateint out of ventilator support is liberation not weaning. There is some difference in these two terms. During weaning there is a gradual reduction of pressure or volume support and then weaned from the ventilator. Conversely, liberation is a term used for frequent assessment to see whether the patient can breathe spontaneously without support and based on that observation extubated. There are important criteria to be fulfilled before extubation. First of all, we have to be confident the reason for initial intubation needs to be resolved. For example if a patient was intubated for pneumonia or severe asthma, that pathology is reversed first and lungs appears clear. If the patient was intubated for shock the patient should be free of mental status changes and be from vasopressors to support boood pressure.

First measurement that was performed was Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1). The individual took a clean nose clip and the tube for the spirometer. The nose clip was placed on the nose so no air could escape from the nostrils. Then the individual took a deep breath and then exhaled all the air inside the tube. The FVC and FEV1 were then recorded. This procedure was repeated again. After the second time performing the FVC and FEV1 standing, the procedure was then repeated from step 1-3 lying supine.

Homeostasis is the body's method of keeping internal stability no matter what external influence disturbs its normal functioning (Anna, 2011). And the respiratory system is one of the systems in the body that helps to maintain homeostasis by maintaining pH and regulating gas exchange. The main function of this system is take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. This system has external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration is a mechanical process that exchange of gases in and out of the body, while internal respiration is the chemical process that breaking down nutrients with oxygen to produce energy. Lung volume and lung capacity are two measurements of respiratory health and measured during pulmonary functions tests. It is show the physical condition of the lungs. Pulmonary ventilation, or breathing, is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation). Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside

The heart may have the sinoatrial node (SA node) to trigger contraction, but in order for us to breath our nervous system has to signal for us to begin the process of ventilation (breathing). Our brain stem has three parts to it, but only the pons and medulla oblongata play a key role in breathing. The medulla helps set the respiratory rhythm by receiving and sending impulses to a bundle of neurons called the ventral respiratory group to the phrenic nerve to bring about contraction in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. All this only happens though due to the sensors of the chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptors located in the medulla and carotid and aortic bodies detect a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2). There are many effectors when

Then after the 2 minutes making the activity, take 2 other minutes to breath and count how many inhalation and exhalation the person have and take note Make that the people stand and breathe for 2 minutes.