Deviations in molar refractivity, Excess molar volumes and viscosities of the binary mixture of toluene (1) + para-tert-butyl toluene (2).
Abstract
Experimental results of the refractive indices, densities and viscosities have been reported in this paper over the entire composition range for the binary mixtures of toluene (1) + para-tert-butyl toluene (2) between 298.15 and 318.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The density, refractive index (RI) and viscosity measurements of the pure components and the mixtures were carried out using a Rudolph Research Analytical Automatic Densitometer (Model. DDM 2911), Schmidt-Haensch refractometer (Model. DSRλ) and SV type Vibro Viscometer (Model. SV-10) respectively. The accuracy of these instruments is ±0.1kg/m3
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The obtained results were fitted to the Redlich-Kister fourth order polynomial equation. Binary system shows negative values for the obtained excess properties. Keywords: Excess properties; binary mixtures; toluene; para-tert-butyl toluene; devation in viscosity.
1. Introduction
The alkylation of aromatics with olefins or alcohols is an important industrial process for the preparation of alkylated aromatics. It has been applied on a large scale in organic synthesis industries. 4-tert -butyltoluene(4-TBT) are very important in fine chemical and petrochemical industry [2,3]. 4-TBT, which is an intermediate for 4-tert -butylbenzoic acid and 4-tert -butylbenzaldehyde, is produced by the alkylation of toluene with isobutylene.
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Experimental
2.1 Materials
HPLC grade Toluene (SD Fine Chemical, 99.7% purity, Mumbai India) and para-tert-butyl toluene (Alfa Aesar, 95% purity, Britain) were used in the experiments. Para-tert-butyl toluene was fractionally distilled to ensure complete removal of water. Both toluene and para-tert-butyl toluene were stored in desiccators to prevent absorption of moisture. Double distilled water for the purpose of experimentation was prepared in the laboratory itself and checked for any impurities in a Shimadzu GC.
TABLE 1
Comparison of measured density (ρ) and refractive index (nD) values with literature data
Substance T/K ρ/kgm-3 nD Present study Literature Present study Literature toluene 298.15 0.8661 0.8581[x]
0.8556[5]
PTBT1
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King, M. L., Carson, C., Holloran, P., Luker, R., & Russell, P. A. (1992). The papers of Martin Luther King, Jr. Berkeley: University of California Press. It has been observed in this book that America has not been able to pay this bill for what it is necessary citizens of color. Rather than pay this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked "lack of funds". But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.
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