Moody’s was considered to be extremely conservative analytical culture. It branded itself of integrity, commitment, ethical norms and expertise. "Moody's has rigorous standards in place to protect the integrity of ratings from commercial considerations," said Michael Adler, Moody's vice president for corporate communications. Insiders, however, say that wasn't true before the financial meltdown. Mark Froeba, senior vice president who joined Moody's structured finance group in 1997 said that the story at Moody's started in 2000. It was a systematic and aggressive strategy to replace a culture that was very conservative, an accuracy-and-quality oriented (culture), a getting-the-rating-right kind of culture, with a culture that was supposed to …show more content…
It has been difficult for an investment firm to attract investors with the credit ratings on their securities. It specially can be highly detrimental for a venture firm to pull in investors for their financial requirements due to the downgrading of credit ratings. On account of AIG, a September 2008 drop in credit rating implied extending budgetary issues when the organization required capital like never before. Moody's dropped AIG's credit rating down two points to A2 in light of AIG's problems, S&P and Fitch additionally minimized AIG. Overnight, AIG's stock fell 43%. As indicated by AIG fillings just a month prior to (August 6) such a drop could have activated more than $13 billion dollars in security calls from investors who purchased swaps from the organization and needed their cash back. This is only one case of how the money markets depend upon high credit ratings. As money related firms and markets request higher evaluations, CRAs are influenced to alter their benchmarks. All the more imperatively, once a coming up small organization has a high credit rating, minimizing that rating can push a falling flat organization over the edge as investors escape. As one ex-overseeing executive at Moody's placed in an opinion piece to the New York Times, "In an emergency, downsizing obligation can resemble shooting a slug into an organization's heart." The government bodies did not have their policy in place and the CRAs could efficiently get their way out without being liable for any destruction. Given that only body that could legitimately impose rules and regulations on the CRAs the government was responsible to an extent. The CRAs knowing the fact that the court could not blame them enjoyed carrying on with the unethical activities in spite of the foreseen losses. Hence, besides being unethical in falsely rating the CDOs the CRAs had the audacity to challenge the laws without the fear of
The American sub-prime mortgage crisis and asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) crisis happened in Canada had huge negative impacts on the financial industry. With the bankruptcy of several major banks in North America, investors lost their faith in financial institutions and were not willing to invest their assets to those financial institutions because of extremely high risks. As a competitive player in the industry, Goodwin also faced this threat and had poor performance. Internal Analysis Strength: Goodwin was a well-diversified company with six divisions in different but related market segments.
Relevant Facts: Nurofen, the pain-relief medication is made by Reckitt Benckiser Australia, a multinational company. The company was found misleading customers for all its specific range that contained the same active ingredient ibuprofen lysine 342mg and was seen to have same effect. The product was advertised the products as been targeting back pain, period pain and tension headaches. The Company was fined $1.7m for misleading customers on range of ‘specific pain’ relief contravening Australian Consumer Law has been brought forward by ACCC. The ACCC had asked federal court to impose $6 million fine.
It decreased about 7%. Verizon was investing more business that providing more services. Because of that, there were high number of long- term debt and deferred long-term liability charges. The corporation borrow money and had to pay back with higher interest expense. Stockholders equity was decreasing as well.
The Big Short, it seems as if almost nobody has any ethics at all. Firstly, the banks hugely increased the market for synthetic CDO’s. This is borderline illegal and should be illegal but isn’t. These were a huge contribution to why the housing market collapsed.
In Addition to maldistribution stood the credit structure of the economy, some farmers were in deep land mortgage debt, so they lowered their crop prices in order to regain credit, and because the farmers were no longer accountable for what they owed banks. Across the nation the banking system found themselves in constant trouble. In America both small and large bankers were concerned for their survival, so they began investing recklessly in stock markets and granting unwise loans. These unconscious decisions would lead a large consequence, such as families losing their life savings and their deposits became uninsured. “ More than 9,000 American banks either went bankrupt or closed their doors to avoid bankruptcy between 1930 and 1933.”Although
Cost of equity was calculated using the 10 year UST rate, 5.02%, because it is a good measurement of the risk free rate, plus the firm’s beta, 0.56, multiplied by the risk premium, which we concluded to be 5%. This gave Blaine, when unlevered, a WACC of 7.82%. When taking the $40 million debt and $100 million cash buyout of stocks into account, cost of debt is now a factor. Cost of debt was 5.88%, the bond rating of a AAA rated company like we assume Blaine
Though having dropped from 0.65 in 2008 to 0.63 in 2009, this is still significantly higher than 0.5. This means that 63% of Gemini’s assets are financed by debt, thus the lenders bear the greatest risk. This is because Gemini financed all land, equipment and some patents with term loans. Though the Debt to Equity Ratio conveys the same information as the Debt Ratio, we see that from 2008 to 2009 this number has dramatically dropped. As opposed to using 1.87 in borrowed funds compared to each dollar provided by shareholders like in 2008, Gemini now only uses 1.71.
Their three options include a loan (sweetheart), bonds or an IPO. The firm has expressed interest in the first option (loan). This appears to be a good fit as they have decreased their long-term liabilities from previous years and if they want to expand, extra liquidity will be needed. The firm’s current line of credit is about double what it normally is and the payments on their remaining long-term debts are going to increase through the next four years with a balloon payment due in 2015 of $642,000. The increased current line of credit is due to the recently added production lines and only carries a 4% interest rate.
Introduction In this extended essay, I will try to answer the research question “To what extent is Corporate Social Responsibility part of Arm Makers Companies? An assessment and evaluation of Raytheon’s and Northrop Grumman’s Business ethics”. Weapon companies face the issue of being socially responsible as it is a global matter. I will be mainly focusing on two companies; Raytheon and Northrop Grumman.
Case Study 1: Banc One Corporation Asset and Liability Management Gizem Akkan So basically, the main problem Banc One Corporation has falling share prices as it is written from a 48 ¾ to 36 ¾ in April 1993. The basic reason behind this decline is that its exposure to derivative securities. This decline in share prices raises concerns among the Banc One’s Investors as well as its analysts since they are uncomfortable with huge amount of derivative usage particularly swaps. They think they are not able to measure risks they exposed so this create uncertainity about the firm’s financial stability.
SNC was able to increase its total firm value by $1,834,000 and its total equity value by $1,581,000, in 2012 dollars. On average, this attributed to an increase of approximately $203,778 a year in firm value. After a complete analysis of the company, SNC has proven and established itself as a trustworthy company, and it is expected that the market will reward SNC with lower risk. From 2010-2021, the equity multiplier decreased about four times from an average of 3.65 to an average of 1.10. The risks associated with taking on debt are mitigated due to SNC’s decreased leverage.
Executive Summary Lehman Brothers were an investment bank involved in transactions worth billions of dollars and one of the most powerful investment banks in the world. Lehman Brothers collapsed in 2008 following bad investment in the sub-prime mortgage market and used bad accounting practices called Repo 105 transactions to try and cover up the bad assets. This report sets out the use of the fraud triangle when describing the actions which led to the collapse. The pressure applied on the bank, the opportunity due to the lack of regulation to carry out the actions and the ability of the bank to rationalise their decision making.
Patagonia is a very popular clothing company that provides high quality wear designed for people that enjoy being outdoors. The provide good quality warm clothing such as jackets and flees for reasonable prices. Not only do they provide a great product, but they also make it their aim to make a positive impact by contributing to the industry and by also creating high standards and values which is something that popular brands should always do. Profitability for a company is linked to their ethical standards because it builds a reputation for the brand. It has been found that many investors determine if a company should be invested in by also looking at their social impact.
Drilling into Disaster: BP in the Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Mexico is one of the valuable place in which it has variety of marine life, such as fish, shrimp and other species The issues of incident on spill oil should be on concerned as it leads to this disaster for human being and environment. The case is discussed how BP company responses. It means how its board and management accountability, corporate responsibility, risk management, code of conduct and whistleblowing, compensation practices, and stakeholder communications react on this disaster. With regard to the disaster, BP CEO should have behaved appropriately because he should have responsibility on his job and should give his employees a better solution better than not saying anything. The problem was still there even BP change CEO to Dudley.
Basically, ethics are at their essence which is it is the moral judgments about what is right and what is wrong. Business ethics is focusing on examine the policies and conduct within the context of commercial enterprise in an organizational as well as in an individual level. In business, the ethics in business is an applied ethics where professionals and researchers use principles and theories to solve any ethical problems that exist in business. At the quarter of the 20th century, as technologies like internet have made world business or international business all more viable, the business ethics domestically have grown in importance along with the power and significance of major businesses. So that, international business ethics take center stage as a major concern of the modern era.