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Moral Development In Pakistan

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The main purpose of education has been to shape the character of individuals and inculcate good moral and ethical values and produce good citizens throughout the history (Arthur, 2005). Society is changing regularly and the effects of these changes are reflected from the behaviour and attitude of children. Social crimes such as abuses, robbery, killings, use of drugs, oppressing, and disobeying have risen now a days in the western countries as well as in Pakistan. The moral deterioration among youth has also been highlighted by Masath (2013). In this respect, it is very critical to study, how moral development is shaped among the students in Pakistan and how society and educational institutions promote ethical practices and contribute for the …show more content…

A number of theories have been presented on moral development. Kant (1788) presented a theory on actions and moral rules. The main emphasis of the theory was on the established rules which, one has to follow. Piaget (1936) divided cognitive development based on moral development, into various levels according to age. Each level is unique and significant; but, the final stage formal operational is the highest level of cognitive development an individual can attain. He believed that the moral development is a process which is based on cognitive development. Kohlberg (1958) theory was based on the previous theories, which underlines moral development through three levels: Pre-conventional level: behaviours are oriented by the obedience and punishment or based on self-interest., while persons follow the guided instructions and accomplish tasks due to the fear of punishment or on the bases of their own interest. Conventional level: behaviours are directed by society, human are required to obey rules set by society, the acts are done on the bases of social norms and law and order morality. Whereas, Post-Conventional level includes social contract and universal ethical principles. (Kohlberg, …show more content…

The meaning of “Islam”, “acceptance,” states that virtue is to submit one’s will to the will of Allah, i.e. to accept things as they are. Mercy and compassion (in the Arabic, Rahman and Raheem) are among the main attributes of God. Every Muslim has to start the day; each prayer and each action by praying Allah the Merciful and Compassionate, i.e. by reciting Bismi-llahi-Rahmanir-Raheem. The Islamic scriptures recommend kindness towards widows, orphans, poor as well as the prisoners. One of the objectives of Soum (fasting) during the month of Ramadan is to enable Muslims to feel for the hunger of deprived people, to boost sympathy for the suffering of others and cultivate benevolence for the less privileged and needy people. Similarly Zakat, a kind of tax is obligatory upon all Muslims to help the poor and

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