Social Constructionist View Of Morality

Most importantly, Hobbes, Locke, and Rawls all agreed that the government should be based on a social contract. According to the text’s author, Dr. John Chaffee, a social contract is an agreement made between the people and their ruler or amongst the people in a community (Chaffee, 10.3). According to Hobbes, humans begin in the “state of nature,” that is unconstrained by laws or social agreements. He suggests that a society must have a social contract to live in peace and to coexist with one another.

(Richardson, 2013). Furthermore, moral theories are used to explain why a certain action is right or wrong and why an individual acts in certain ways. Moral theories also answer how an individual determines what right and wrong conduct is. There

In simple words, a moral theory is an effort at outlining what an individual ought to do in accord to an intrinsic good. It can take many aspects, each with it’s own strength and weaknesses, and each appealing in it’s own way. In this paper I will focus on two normative ethical theories, consequentialism and deontology. I will respectively describe each one, and will then proceed to list their corresponding benefits and shortcomings. I will conclude by siding with consequentialism for various reasons that I will try my best to explain.

Mill states, “Here the question is not whether one’s individual act would maximize goodness, but whether goodness would be maximized if everyone did the act (Ethics Theory and Issues, “John Stuart Mill (1806-1873): Revised Utilitarianism 127).” In this version of a utilitarianism, what's most important is

Next I will describe the logical flaw with the theory of CDA, followed by one example that, with using the same logic that CDA uses, will show this theory as misleading. Finally I will make clear if the logical defect of CDA proves if the theory is false or not. The General idea of Moral Relativism is that the beliefs and/or activities of an individual, society, etc. are to be understood. As written in James Rachels book Elements of Moral Philosophy, he states, “Different societies have different moral codes”(p. 18) and that “if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at least within that society.

What’s the Right Thing to do? by Michael J. Sandel discusses how there are three different approaches to justice: welfare, virtue, and freedom. The theme of the book is on how and what is considered moral. He introduces several perspectives on morality and we as readers are given insight into what people of different groups consider the rights and wrongs of morality. Some of these different beliefs are utilitarianism, libertarianism, and different philosophers views.

Agnosticism is the fact that humans will not be able to know the nature of what god is or anything that is not within our plane of existence; they are neither a believer or a non-believer. Relativism is that your beliefs, knowledge and truths are subjective to your culture, society and your history. Social constructionism may lead to this because the theory is that everything is all going according to a social process and the truths that humans view as truths are only truths because a certain society views them as truths which begs the question whether or not they are universal truths and whether or not these truths could be something that has been fabricated by an individual long ago. Social constructionism overall is a very interesting theory that can be seen in many different ways. With the introduction of this theory to religion it can change how people look at religion as a whole and may very well alter individuals view of the basis of what religion is in a very major way.

Part I – Sarah’s Argument The moral theory that I choose for Sarah is contractarianism. Contractarianism, which has its roots in Hobbes’ line of social contract thought, views morality as being based on contract or agreement. This moral theory states that people are self-interested, and f ollowers of this theory consider that moral norms are determined by a maximization of joint interest, and consent to the beliefs of the society. Contractarianism argues that people are motivated to accept morality because they are vulnerable to the depredations of others and because they are deemed to benefit from cooperating with others.

Introduction Ethics plays a central role in shaping the direction that different societies take. Primarily, societies fashion the governing norms based on predefined sets of ethical standards that act as guidelines. Nevertheless, the pretexts used in developing these norms vary from one society to another, thereby creating a conflict in the level of objectivity of each premise. Argument Against Cultural Relativism

Morality has always been a very difficult topic. Didion 's definition was one that many readers could agree with. Unlike Rushdie, Didion was very open minded with her definition. Rushdie had a much narrower point of view. He believes most people have an absurd, preconceived idea

Dr. Timothy Hinton proposes an ideology in his paper that states he believes justice requires humans to have duties to our fellow citizens. Although he also provides libertarian views to explain each sides role in society when dealing with others in our community, Hinton favors the egalitarian view claiming everyone should rest at a medium having all classes be well off and willing to share the Earth’s resources equally (Hinton,2012:539). However, Hinton clarifies that the people deserving aid need to have made an attempt to support themselves first. This common ownership formula is important in society because it provides a new social balance in which people will need to become accustomed to and alters certain classes mindset and lifestyle.

What were transcendentalists’ beliefs on the individual and how the individual fit into the society? One of the key characteristics of transcendentalism was the belief that the purity of individuals was corrupted by the society and other social institutions such as political parties and organized religion. Hence, the central guiding theory in transcendentalism is the idea that people are at their best when they are independent and self reliant. Transcendentalists held the belief that intuitions surpassed reason as a guide to the truth this led them to their “conception of the sanctity of the individual and that individual’s freedom to make choices guided by intuitional knowledge” (p.1278). Whereas transcendentalists believed in the necessity of individuality, they also held the view that every human being possessed an element or piece of the Over-Soul enabling him or her to communicate with his or her creator through nature that united all people since the Over-Soul is one; hence, making all people a united entity.

Philosophy 100 Steven Phan Kant, Immanuel: Grounding of Metaphysics of Moral 10-19-15 The first of Kant’s essay about metaphysics on morality, he revealed to us that it is one’s sense of duty, which makes it a moral action. He also explained what logic is as it pertains understanding the most reasonable course to take, and as well as how it can only be a pure concept as it does not derive from experiences. Taking all of this into account, in the second part of Kant’s essay, he start with the idea that there is now way to give an example of a moral action outside of it being of duty.

Every day we base our decisions upon a unique set of values, ethics, and morals. Each moral, value, and ethic sways the decisions we make and are influenced by family, peers, places we grew up, society, and even institutions. This can also vary from person to person even if they live in the same area and grew up in similar ways. In this assessment paper I will be covering my own personal values, the core values of Social Work and how both of these match or conflict one another. I will also be talking about what is and how to overcome ethical dilemmas, and my own personal views of others classes of individuals.

Morality is the cornerstone of any society and can have a major role on how well that society develops and is run. Laws are based on these basic principles of right and wrong and they are what dictate the punishment for breaking these principles of right and wrong. The problem with this system is that it does not always work, especially when an individual has a flaw in their character. This predicament can be seen in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Candide by Voltaire, and The Stranger by Albert Camus.