Derivational&Inflectional
Morphemes In Libyan Arabic Dialect
Content:
Chapter One:-
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Libyan Arabic Dialect
1.2.1 The Different Dialects in Libya
1.2.2 History of Libyan Dialect
1.2.3 Grammar of Libyan Dialect
1.3 Derivation
1.3.1 Definitions of Derivation
1.3.2 Types of Derivation
1.4 Inflection
1.4.1 Definitions of Inflection
1.4.2 Types of Inflection
1.5 Different between Derivation &Inflection
Chapter Two:-
2 Derivation Morphemes in Libyan Arabic Dialect
Chapter Three:-
3 Inflection Morphemes in Libyan Arabic Dialect
Chapter Four:-
4 Conclusion
References
2
1.1 Introduction
(1)Language is essential to every aspect and interaction in our everyday lives. We use language to inform the people around us of what we feel, what
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b) The migration of Arabs from Muslim Spain to North Africa following the Reconquista.
Libyan Arabic has also influenced by Italian, and to a lesser extent by Turkish. ABarber substratum also exists.
Through this history, we realize that much of this dialect was made by the tribes that settled in Libya. And a very small presence of the Italian language, and a semi-existence of the Turkish language; we see them only in the names of places, like: (Gardenna means garden) it 's an Italian word, also in auto parts, such as (Frino means brakes) which is an Italian word, and household tools (such as:Kashik means spoon) it is a Turkish word.
1.2.3 Grammar of Libyan Dialect
The grammar in this dialect, like other colloquial Arabic dialects, Libyan does not mark grammatical cases by declension. However, it has a rich verbal conjugation structure.
Nouns in Libyan Arabic are marked for two gender (masculine and feminine) and three numbers (singular, dual and plural).
Verbs in it, Similar to Classical Arabic stem formation is an important morphological aspect of Libyan Arabic. However, stems III and Xare unproductive whereas stems IV and IXdo not exist. Conjugation like Classical Arabic
During the time period between 600 CE and 1450 CE, Afro-Eurasia experienced a deepening of old and new human interactions across the region. This resulted in an increase in wealth and cross-cultural exchanges. During this time, the prophet Muhammad spread Islam throughout the Afro-Eurasian region. Also, the expansion of empires like imperial China, the Byzantine empire, and Mongol empire helped Afro-Eurasia trade and communication as new people developed their conquerors economies and trade networks, as well as ideas. Like many empires, migrations also had a significant environmental impact on the Afro-Eurasia region.
This illustrates how the spread of islam led to innovations like the bronze head. The purpose of this document was to show how the emergence if islam was quickly across the sub saharan region. In Both document 4 and Document 5 it emphasizes the spread of islam across the sub saharan
Also, the Turkic Speaking people became exposed to the new religion, and adopted Islam, they quickly became the third- largest group of people to spread Islam. Conquest allowed for new people to be exposed to new religions and ideas thus allowing for the
Mansa Musa traded with Cairo on his Hajj to Mecca(Doc 2). His Hajj showed how Mansa Musa extended Mali’s transregional trade routes by traveling across the Sahara Desert and Cairo. Africa was connected through Islam. Leo Africanus showed that the women in the Songhai Empire maintained the custom of veiling their faces(Doc 3). Islam’s presence throughout West Africa of women following the custom of Islam conveys that the influence of Islam traveled across the Arabian Peninsula to Africa.
Furthermore, Anzaldua listed the eight different languages that are spoken in her community to let the readers imagine what it sounds like to live there. She also lists all eight of the languages because they are all used there and there are some people in the community that speak more than just one of the languages. Living in a community that has many different languages being spoken can be difficult when trying to speak to someone since you have no idea what language they
Islam spread through trade. Muslim traders journeyed end to end of caliphate, exchanging good and information. Exchange brought Islam to west Africa, Europe, Southeast Asia. Mecca was a trade center because it was crossroads of the lucrative caravan trade. In Document A it shows the routes of the trade it expands to west Africa, Europe and Southeast Asia exchanging goods and information.
Not only did the Trans-Saharan trade routes bring commodities such as gold and salt but the Islamic religion as well. Before the Islam reached Sub-Saharan West Africa, Animism was the main religion of Sub-Saharan West Africa. Animism is the belief in numeral spiritual beings that are concerned with human affairs and that they are capable for either helping or harming human instincts. Additionally, kin played a crucial role in early Sub-Saharan societies since who you were related to directly influenced your role in your society. The Islamic empire conquered parts of North Africa which helped spread the influence and wealth of Islam.
In Document A, it states,” By the middle of the 6th century… Mecca was … prosperous and important.” Mecca is prosperous and important meaning that people would trade there often and people may travel the routes and spread the religion and since it was important, people went there tremendously so people would trade religions and praise Islam. Plus in Document C, it shows that Islam spread in the vast region through Muhammad followers. Muhammad had many followers which meant that he had a variety of people teaching Islam.
For example, the suffix “–ni” can be placed on the end of verbs to mark time (“Hopi Time Controversy”, 2017). A second way this suffix is used is in the word “naatoniqa”, or “that which will happen yet” which is a reference to the future (“Hopi Time Controversy”, 2017). The “-ni” suffix is also mandatory to have on the main verb in conditional clauses (“Hopi Time Controversy”, 2017). It can also be used to refer to the past as well as describe unachieved intent or counterfactual meaning when combined with a particle (“Hopi Time Controversy”, 2017). Another example would be the suffix “-ngwu”.
Arabic was used by soldiers to communicate with one another, while on plantations, Arabic was at first a pidgin variety that soon expanded into a form of creole. McWhorter says,”Expelled from the country by nationalist forces, these soldiers were resettled permanently to Uganda and Kenya, where their descendants still speak this creole Arabic called Nubi, Unintelligible to speakers of Arabic
Islam is a religion, so how do you think it came about. Well because of trade, military conquest, and political order. All of these subjects are why Islam spread so quickly. In document A, the passage was talking about trade. During 570, in the Middle East Islam spread so quickly through trade.
Before the 1500 ce Africa had many trades, cultures, and also some encounters with Islam. In 1000 ce Islam invaded the West African State, in Dr. Mayers, 2012 study of Africa he stated that the spread of Islam revealed the power of the religion, commercial, and also the military qualities. Many civilizations were being change without being close to at least one Islamic statement. Islam had spread so much in Africa that Islamization had served to connect with Africa and connected more with the outside world through trade, religion, and
Begochiddy later gave them all sorts of languages and they all move and settled around the
However, there are special cases for irregular verbs such as sleep, teach, or send. Some irregular verbs had no changes whether in the present or past tense while some words had vowel changes such as slept and left. The irregular verbs that end with ‘d’ changes to ‘t’. For example, the past tense for the word ‘send’ is ‘sent’. While it can be quite confusing for the second language learner to learn about English past tense, there is no such thing in Malay language.
A Language can be a very powerful tool whereby it can be used to obtain a lot of information about a person. In the Caribbean creolization played an important part in the development of language. Creolization refers to the mixture of Africans, European, Asian and Indigenous people to make the Caribbean which was referred to as the ‘New World’ in that era. In Jamaica, the official language is Standard English. Standard English was brought to Jamaica by the British who also brought Africans due to force migration.