Learning Second Language Literature Review

Literature Review

1. Motivation

Motivation for learning second language (L2) is an important factor to make the learners learn language more effectively. Also, how teachers teach language by understanding the students’ motivation and effect for language acquisition changes students’ motivation for the class. There are some terms of motivation, and they are related to the personal goals and wishes which is the purpose of learning languages.Carroll (1981) mentioned different types of motivation which are enjoyments, entertainment, obsession, and passion. Especially, passion is the most relative factor with motivation. Also, Krashen (1982) was saying that motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety all affect language acquisition, in effect raising

My research questions for my study are “What factors increase or decrease motivation for learning English as a second language or foreign language in Japan and Hawaii?” and “ How are they different between students in Japan and Hawaii?” I have not been clear about the causes for motivation yet, but I have been comparing the motivation difference of learners between before and after study abroad, and between learners who go out from the country and never go out from their country so that I can compare which motivation factors connect with these two types motivation and also figure out the causes of increasing and decreasing motivation. In addition, I have been interviewing the person who has typical trend of motivational change, has no motivational change, has rare motivational change, and analyzing how the learner makes the motivation difference to learn second language to see the connection with past studies. To conclude this literature review, I have been making progresses for my research with survey I have taken and interview I have been working on. I would like to find how each person’s motivation for learning second language is different and find if language teacher can make the difference for teaching by looking at the results and making the connection between the resources I have picked up on my final

(1978). Linguistics and language : A survey of basic concepts and implications (2nd

Ed.). John Wiley and Sons.

Finegan, E. (1999). Language : Its structure and use (3rd Ed. ) . Harcourt Brace.

Gardner, R.C., & Lambert, W. E. (1959). Motivational variables in second-language acquisition.

Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13(4). 266-272

Guilloteaux, M., & Dörnyei, Z. (2008). Motivating Language Learners: A Classroom-Oriented

Investigation of the Effects of Motivational Strategies on Student Motivation. TESOL

Quarterly, 42(1), 55-77. Doi:

Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.

Rahmen, S. (2005). Orientations and motivation in English language learning: A study of

Bangladeshi students at undergraduate level. Asian EFL Journal, 8(4), 151-191.

Wang, X. (2007). Three ways to motivate Chinese students in EFL listening classes. Asian EFL journal, 37.

Wei, M. (2007). The interrelatedness of affective factors in EFL learning: An examination of motivational patterns in relation to anxiety in China. TESL- EJ, 11(1), 1-23.

Wu, W.C.V., & Wu, P.H.N. (2008). Creating and authentic EFL learning environment to enhance student motivation to study English. Asian EFL Journal, 10 (4),