Two Dimensions Of Motivation At Workplace
Motivation at workplace
There are two dimensions of motivation; internal and external. Internal motivation refers to personal interest in doing something and external motivation refers to be persuaded by someone’s activity. The characteristics of motives are identified as: individualistic, changing, may be unconscious, often inferred, and hierarchical (Reece, 2014).
Most important fact to understand motivation is the theories. Many motivational theories have been developed over time to study human behavior at the workplace. The theories are classified in two key categories; content theories and process theories. Content theories explain peoples’ different needs at workplace while the process theories explain how the needs convert into behavior
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They are: Physiological needs, safety and security needs, social needs, esteem needs and self – actualization needs (Hodgetts, 1987; Reece, 2014).
Physiological needs
Physiological needs are the basic of all needs. It includes pay, food, clothing, shelter, water and air. Hence, the organizations pay salaries for the employees to meet their needs and provide facilities like cafeteria, vending machines, enough lighting, heating, ventilation and other facilities (Hodgetts, 1987; Reece, 2014).
Safety and security
When the physiological needs are met, the safety and security comes. It can be both physical and psychological, and for providing physical safety organizations adopt safety rules and equipment. On the other for psychological safety organizations take various benefit plans, pensions, and many other facilities including job security (Hodgetts, 1987; Reece, 2014).
Social needs
Social needs refer to the relationship building between employees. In this purpose organizations allow breaks during working hours, arrange picnics, sport events, and team works. It gives employee a short relief from tedious work and makes the relation stronger between them (Hodgetts, 1987; Reece, 2014).
Esteem
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The needs of employees do not fall essentially around that classified categories. Satisfaction of one need also does not essentially direct the motivation to another level. Moreover, this theory is not applicable to school teachers. School teachers’ behavior does not match with the behavior of people employed in business organizations, especially esteem of the hierarchy needs (Gawel, 1997). However, the theory is very important tool for understanding the basic human behavior in the
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