In order to change behaviour, we must understand the best way to persuade people to do this. There are 5 main models of behaviour change. However, the two we are discussing today is the theory of planned behaviour and the social learning theory. The theory of planned behaviour is a development of the theory of reasoned action and proposes that the individuals’ behaviour can’t Always be controlled and due to this another aspect has been added and this is perceived behavioural control. This is where the individual decides how difficult it is to display a certain type of behaviour and the difficulty they give to the act will be a factor which will influence whether they change their behaviour or not. There are a few factors which may influence …show more content…
This is because each social class has a different culture, and this will have an impact on the effectiveness of health education. For example, when a stop smoking initiative was launched, it seemed to be very effective with regards to the upper class, but had little to no affect with the lower class. This has also been the case with encouraging healthy eating. There are many reasons why this may be because middle class people have more income and so are able to afford better quality of food and objects e.g. healthy food. It is generally more stressful being in the working class as they have less income and so, they worry more about getting food on the table and providing for their families. Those in the working class is also more likely to work manual jobs which are usually more stressful as it requires more repetitive, unsatisfactory work., making them more stressed. Social class can have a negative and positive impact on changing behaviours e.g. if you are middle class then you are more likely to not do or quite negative behaviours such as smoking or unhealthy eating. Whereas these behaviours are more likely and sometimes encouraged in the working-class community, making it more likely someone who is working class, to display those behaviours. …show more content…
However, when we look at factors in this way, this may lead to people making assumptions which may not necessarily be true. Just because middle class people are more likely to display healthy eating and not smoking, doesn’t mean that all middle-class people display these behaviours. Just like how just because working class people are generally smokers and working manual jobs, doesn’t mean that all working-class individuals are smokers. Furthermore, not everything is as it seems e.g. just because one type of people can display negative behaviours, doesn’t mean they don’t display different positive behaviours. For example, the middle class eat healthier and don’t smoke, but, many of them engage in excessive alcohol consumption.
How does the social position affect the person and their surroundings? As M.R.C. Kasasian said “The poor, are kind to each other, but that is because they have nothing to lose, ' he said. 'The rich cannot afford to be”. Strictly based on external influences are people’s decisions, one of those influences being their placement within society. People in different social classes within a community, causing them to behave differently than their peers.
More value is placed on children and families with more money, while working-class schools often receive incredibly poor education. As Anyon states, "Differing curricular, pedagogical, and pupil evaluation practices emphasize differing cognitive and behavioral skills in each social setting and thus contribute to the development in the children of certain potential relationships to physical and symbolic capital, to authority, and to the process of work." (151) When pupils at lower-class schools are only instructed to memorize and not to think for themselves, they're set up to be at a large disadvantage to those who've received an upper-class education and learned how to draw their own conclusions and really assert themselves. This disadvantage manifests primarily in the types of jobs available to such students after graduation, and subsequently, the social class that they'll fall into given their income level. Working-class students are more likely to get blue-collar jobs, while students from the professional or elite class will land higher up the corporate ladder.
The working class, including industrial workers and farmers, experienced unemployment and poverty firsthand. They struggled to find jobs and were laid off leaving them to eventually lose their homes. Middle-class individuals often faced unemployment as well. This led to a decline in their financial stability and an overall decrease in their standard of living. However, some middle-class families managed to maintain a certain level of comfort.
Racial and ethnic disparities Before talking about racial and ethnic disparities, there is the need to explain the concepts of race and ethnicity by citing an example. If Miss A was born in Japan to Japanese parents, but as an infant, a Ghanaian family in Ghana adopted her. Ethnically, she feels Ghanaian: she eats Ghanaian food, she speaks Ghanaian languages, and she knows Ghanaian history and culture. She knows nothing about Japan’s history and culture. But when she comes to the United States, she 's treated racially as Asian.
Being born into a particular family determines how well off you are. Class in America determines the people that influence you, and the better opportunities you are exposed to. In Gregory Mantsios writing of “Class in America” you can understand the many differences between class and how one might have better success. Mantsios shows three profiles of three different people born into different classes. One of the profiles shows how the lifestyle might be born into a wealthy family.
In the history of America, the social class ladder has more or less defined the individuals of the United States. It seems as if social classes define people for who they are, but really it does not. In “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald, social class structure plays a big role in the characters and the novel. Throughout the book, social class structure is present and seems to define the characters for who they are.
In the working class schools, the student’s attitudes reflected what the teachers felt about their job. The teachers lacked passion for their job and did not want to be there anymore than the students. The principal not knowing the history of the school plays a role on why the school was poorly maintained. The middle class school had more parents involved than working class school. This can be the result of the parents socioeconomic status since middle class parents have better paying jobs allowing them more participation in their child’s school.
In chapter 7 we read about social class and health inequalities and how the different types of social class have an impact on one in our society. In this chapter, we discussed and focused on many important topics such as social class, social structure, and socio-economic status. Readers gained a better knowledge on those topics and how it relates to health inequalities. One new fact I learned after reading this chapter is how an individual who has a good education and well-paying job can live longer when compared to one who doesn’t. This chapter once again like many other chapters read before in this course, talked about the inequalities between the rich and the poor.
The lower class works for their living and spends what money they have on things they need. Whereas the upper class, usually has a higher education and better paying jobs than the other classes in America. Thus, heritage plays a big part in reasons of social classes.
There are four social classes: upper class, middle class, working class and under class. An example of people who may be discriminated against because of their social class would be someone who is poor. Individuals who are poor, under class and some working class, in school could be called ‘scruffy’ by their peers because they might not be able to afford new clothes. This could lead to teachers discriminating and treating students differently. This could show overt and covert discrimination in a health and social care setting.
Lower class societies, on the other hand, are generally expected to have more social problems such as teenage pregnancy, child abuse, unemployment, and divorce. This might be the reason why the gap between the rich and poor is so huge, both in education opportunities and ethical beliefs. Plus, they distance themselves from each other, it is unlikely to see a rich person with a poor person, each class will likely be around people that are in their situation. Perhaps, as humans, they wishes to be blend in with their own kind and environment, probably to avoid judgmental or criticism. Each class has their own view of the other.
These classes start when you are young, whether you realize it or not. The moment you are born you are put into a category of lower class, middle class, or upper class based off of your parents doings. Social classes exist today because people don’t want to talk with or be friend s with people that they think aren't good enough for them. And lastly, there is more than meets the eye when dealing with blue-collard jobs. They are harder than you expect an people go unnoticed for providing for every social class there is.
Therefore, it is worth noting that socioeconomic status greatly affects educational practices and health programs. Firstly, socioeconomic is a powerful contributor to poor health status in most individuals.
Social Class and Personality: Everyday people make choices. Researchers in psychology are discovering that one 's social class position seriously impacts how a person interprets their choices. Offsprings from relatively upper-class families are accustomed to the idea of making decisions for themselves and enjoying the relative freedom of making unique choices that set them apart from others. Conversely, the less prosperous and less educated children have very limited material resources and capacity which then renders them with fewer options in life (fewer choices of food, future job opportunities, recreations and toys to choose from, areas to live in, etc...). Such childhood locality/neighborhood raises the possibility that options are of less consequence to individuals belonging to the lower classes.
This theory is founded on the premises that human behavior is a consequence of intellectual thinking. Reasoned Action Theory deals with the relationship among 1) Beliefs 2) Attitudes 3) Intentions 4) Behaviors. The main contribution of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is the proposition that attitude does not determine behavior directly; instead attitude is seen as one of two antecedent factors, attitudes and subjective norms, that determine intention, which in turn determines behavior (Ajzen and Madden, 1986). The utmost vital determinant of a person's behavior is behavior intent.