A typical rigid pavement consists of three components: - (1) Soil sub grade (ii) Base course (iii) Surface course (i) Soil sub-grade:- The Sub-grade is the foundation layer, the structure which must eventually support all the loads which come on to the pavement. The performance of the pavement is affected by the characteristics of the sub-grade. Desirable properties which the sub-grade possesses are: strength, drainage, ease of compaction permanency of strength. The strength of the sub grade is increased by compaction or in some cases by stabilization. (ii) Sub-base course:-A sub base is a layer of material between the base and sub-grade.
The application of geotextile is civil engineering, coastal engineering and also huge used of construction site. Generally, geotextiles are located in the tension area to make stronger the soil. Geo-synthetics: A planar, polymeric (synthetic or
Soil mechanics can also help civil engineers and geologist working on excavation sites identify areas with better prospects e.g. of getting more copper hence redirect the excavation activity as necessary. Soil mechanics is definitely a very important issue whether for civil engineering purposes. Today more research is being carried out in the filed aided by better technology and new information is being discovered that will improve our knowledge in the above discipline. Being a broad subject, the above article has only highlighted some of the important benefits to civil engineers of soil mechanics and all readers interested in finding out more can reference more resources
STABILIZATION OF CLAYEY SOIL USING CHEMICALS Bhawna Sahay1, Prof. V.K.Arora2 ABSTRACT: Soil stabilization is a technique of enhancing the geotechnical properties and strength of soil to modify the bearing capacity and durability of weak soil. There are numerous methods of stabilising the soil such as soil replacement , grouting ,reinforcing ,chemical, mechanical, electrical method, using additives such as fly ash, rice husk, gypsum and cement. Chemical stabilization with lime and sodium hydroxide is time saving method. All these chemicals are highly reactive in nature and react with clay particles during stabilization process which leads to improve the geotechnical properties of soil. KEY WORDS: stabilization; optimum
Concrete: cellular concrete of clay- gypsum and invention of light weight concrete Ferro concrete: this concrete is made up of a layer of fine mesh wire saturated with cement. Gunite: or commonly referred as a shot crete. This type or form of concrete is most commonly used in areas where formwork is limited or hard to use. Shoring up exposed vertical excavations, banks or surfaces susceptible to collapse. For example, vertical soil or rock surfaces.
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Palash Pandit Civil Engineering Dept, OIST, Bhopal. ABSTRACT Permeable pavements typically consist of pervious concrete, porous asphalt .Permeable pavements infiltrate stormwater, filter and clean contaminants and promote groundwater recharge. They have gained substantial popularity and have become an integral part of low impact design and best management practices for storm water management. In order to be effective, permeable pavement must be designed to provide sufficient structural capacity to accommodate the vehicle loadings, manage stormwater flowing into the surface and soil subgrade, as well water draining out of the base/ subbase. 1.INTRODUCTION Permeable pavement is a method of paving
Bioleaching, phytoremediation, composting, and biostimulation are some of the popular methods. All the above mentioned methods have been successfully implemented in different situations, but they are done over a period. This means long wait time, efforts, and investment. Today, various soil remediation equipment are used to remove contaminants from the soil. By far this is the most convenient method of remediation.
2. Concrete dams require processed natural materials of suitable quality and quantity for aggregate, and the importation to site and storage of bulk cement and other materials. 3. Traditional mass concrete construction is relatively slow, being labor intensive and discontinuous, and requires certain skills, e.g. for formwork, concreting, etc.
There are various method that can help to stabilized peat soil such as mechanical method, adding of admixtures into the soils and through soil reinforcement. The suitability of particular technique is based on the site condition and economy. In this study, fiber reinforcement technique is used to stabilize the peat. Recently, fiber reinforcement techniques are quite popular due to this method is more economical, time saving and ease of construction. This method helps to improve the soil strength and stability of the soil.
Geotechnical engineers basically study soil and other earth components, to check if a site is suitable for a proposed project. Geotechnical engineers are mostly doing field work, collecting samples and studying the behaviour of soil so most of them work in the office. A geotechnical engineer is able to determine whether the soil is suitable for a building foundation and they’re capable of investigating landslides, earthquakes and sinkholes. They also can also treat soil to make it stable enough through processes such as compaction through their tests and investigation. Sometimes soil needs to be stabilised by compaction and the geotechnical engineer will have to determine the amount water needed to achieve adequate compaction.