Pinatubo Vs St Helens Case Study

How the Science of earthquakes was started in North America after the California Earthquake of 1906 The California earthquake of April 18, 1906 is one of the most significant earth quakes of all time. The 7.9 magnitude earthquake ruptured the northernmost 477 kilometers of the San Andreas Fault from the northwest of San Juan Bautista to the triple Junction of Cape Mendocino. The earthquake caused severe damage with reports indicating that it caused more than 3,000 deaths and destroyed more than 28,000 buildings (Borcherdt, & Gibbs, 1976).

An earthquake that has a magnitude of 8.0 or greater is considered the

little movement from the tectonic caused big things such as earthquake, but what exactly is San Andreas Fault? San Andreas fault is major fracture of the Earth’s crust in extreme western north America (Brittanica). San Andreas fault have caused so many earthquakes in U.S.A, causing many destruction, and causing lost of lifes. Now, What made Northridge Earthquake so destructive? While the Northridge earthquake was happening Californian people couldn’t predict it (u-s-history.com).

A wave measuring some 33 feet high inundated the coast and flooded parts of the city of Sendai, including its airport and the surrounding countryside. (Britannica) According to some reports, one wave destroyed from coast to some 6 miles (10 km) inland after causing the Natori River, which separates Sendai from the city of Natori to the south overflow. Damaging tsunami waves struck the coasts of Iwate prefecture, just north of Miyagi prefecture, and Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Chiba. Those prefectures are extending along the Pacific coast south of Miyagi.

This is typically referred to as the Great San Francisco Earthquake.” The earthquake of 1906 was one of the biggest earthquakes in California history. It was measured at a magnitude of 7.8. That is a big earthquake. In the two eyewitness accounts “Comprehending the Calamity” by Emma Burke, and “Horrific wreck of

These chimneys are often the result of volcanic eruptions and are characterized by high temperatures (>4000C) (Tivey, 2007). Formation of these black smoker hydrothermal vents begins when metal- and sulfide-rich acid fluids mix with seawater, causing the metal sulfides to precipitate and form particle rich black plumes. The microbiological communities at the EPR sites are dominated by sulfide as the main electron donor for respiration (Jørgensen & Boetius, 2007). More complex hydrothermal vent systems are found at the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG), where vigorously venting black smokers and entrainment of seawater beneath the mound trigger the remobilization of zinc (Zn) and other trace metals which are subsequently deposited

Signs of seismic activity can be traced back to July of the same year, where seismograph on the mountain showed uncharacteristically seismic activity levels [1]. Later, in September 1985, not only had the level of seismic activity increased in the region, but steam explosions accompanied them [1]. In November, seismic activity was observed near the summit of the volcano [1]. On November 13, 1985, Nevado del Ruiz erupted twice, a few hours apart [1]. The first

The theme of this book is about a volcanic eruption that occurred May 18th, 1980 at 8:32am at Mount St. Helens. The explosion was equal to ten million tons of dynamite and shot up into the sky for more than 12 miles. These toxic gases that shot out of the volcano covered a great deal of the forest. As a result, most of the forest was burnt down almost instantly by the massive blast. Leading up to the eruption there were many warning signs, including: large cracks in the mountain and small earthquakes.

The aftermath of the GoldRush was the beginning of reporting a more comprehensive that included indications of seismic activity in the Bay area of San Francisco. In 18th April 1906, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred at 5:12 a.m. came out with a strong jolt and a large uproar. It caused buildings to shake violently and beds stumbled. The earthquake originated at the epicenter of San Francisco and ruptured in two

On May the 18th 1980, Mt Saint Helens in Washington State, United States of America erupted covering surrounding areas in ash, mud, toxic gases and lava. Mt Saint Helens is one of many active volcanos in the Cascade Mountain Range that runs along the Pacific Coast of the United States of America, a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, named due to the many active tectonic plates in the region. The blast devastated an area of 20 square km. Within 10km of the summit, were there had previously been dense forest, no trees remained, beyond this area all trees were blown down. A further 600km2 was covered in ash and debris.

On May 18th, 1980, Mount Saint Helen, a volcano in Washington erupted majorly. The eruption is the most studied volcano eruption. Mt. St. Helen was known as one of the most prestige volcanoes in the Cascade Range before its eruption on May 18, 1980. The eruption made a big blast that destroyed the northern part of the volcano, crushing millions of the trees below the mountain. The zone was further described as a big debris avalanche.

I found her comment and outlook on natural disasters very interesting. My date was surprised by how powerful volcanoes are. She thought that all volcanoes erupted the same (the Hawaiian eruption). She was surprised that lava is usually not the hazard that causes the most

Greater and stronger earthquakes, greater than magnitude 7, happen more than once per month. Huge earthquakes, magnitude 8 and higher, occur about once a year. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates (“How Often Do Earthquakes Occur?”). The world’s largest earthquake with an instrumentally documented magnitude occurred on May 22, 1960 near Valdivia, in southern Chile.

On the beautiful, tropical island of Hawaii, a structure that is not only large, but also deadly and packed with heat, is called the Mauna Loa. In the native Hawaiian language, "Mauna Loa" means “long mountain” and it has definitely earned that name. It is a volcano that towers over Hawaii and is the biggest volcanic structure in the world. This structure is also the most active volcano and mountain in the world. It is located in the south central area of the small island, Hawaii in the United States which is also located on the North Pacific Ocean.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE INTRODUCTION-History of Kilauea Kilauea has been constantly erupting since 1983 and has not stopped! It is around 4,000 feet tall or 1,219 meters above sea level. It is part of the main land of Hawaii and takes up about fourteen percent of the land. By 1995 five-hundred acres were covered with cooled lava which is within twelve years or eruption. When Kilauea was formed it was formed by a hotspot which is when hot magma breaks through the center plate.