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Cyber-Liberalism In China

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China conceives cyberspace as a territory with virtual borders corresponding to physical state borders, and wishes the international law can be extended to the Internet as well. As a result, China reaffirms the principle of sovereignty and non-intervention in a traditional way. This view is formally confirmed in the 2010 White Paper, The Internet in China: “The Chinese government believes that the Internet is an important infrastructure facility for the nation. Within Chinese territory the Internet is under the jurisdiction of Chinese sovereignty. The Internet sovereignty of China should be respected and protected.” In Xi’s speech at World Internet Conference, he claimed that “We should respect the right of individual countries to independently …show more content…

Originally, Chinese cyber-nationalism is used to describe the online sphere originated and developed since the early connection to the Internet in 1990s. It is seen as a non-government movement utilizing online communication technologies to promote the nationalistic causes among Chinese people(Wu, 2007). Different from that, Mueller adopts it to locate China in the Internet governance political spectrum. The cyber-nationalism is also a kind of cyber-conservative view. In contrast of cyber-liberalism, it strongly favors the role of traditional territorial governments while civil and private sectors are tamed in the system. Such conservative approach is rooted in China’s economical and political system: on the one hand, the Internet creates new forms of economy such as O2O (online to offline) and sharing economy, which leads the market economy thrive; on the other hand, with one party in control, the Chinese Communist Party has to ensure the stable environment for economic development, avoiding any intervention or disorder which may threat their legitimacy. Mackinnon (2011) describes China’s way to capture networked technologies as ”networked authoritarianism”, in which authoritarian regime seeks adaption to digital communications but to ensure the single ruling party remain in control of private and non-state sectors. Therefore, in domestic regulation, Internet content and service providers are strictly required to conform to national policies. As a logical extension of the cyber-nationalism philosophy, China supports a traditional, sovereignty-based communications governance regime in the international

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