Multilingualism in the Hong Kong banking & financial sector Introduction The following literature review aims to provide a review of the scientific literature on multilingualism in the Hong Kong financial sector since the handover of Hong Kong from British rule to Chinese rule on 1 July 1997. In other words, this literature review attempts to answer the questions: How multilingual is the workplace in the Hong Kong financial sector since July 1997 and which languages (English, Standard Written Chinese, Cantonese, Putonghua) are employed for which task on the work floor in this sector? To answer these questions, it might be useful to introduce the notion of multilingualism and to present the ‘bi-literacy and trilingual policy’ which accounts …show more content…
In the second chapter, two articles discussing multilingualism on the work floor in the Hong Kong financial sector will be reported on. Chapter 1: Multilingualism in Hong Kong Before relevant studies can be compared, the notion of multilingualism employed in this specific field of research needs to be discussed. Subsequently, this chapter briefly summarises the ‘bi-literacy and trilingual policy’. 1.1 …show more content…
The studies introduced in the second chapter of Chew (2005) and Evans (2013) discuss multilingualism on the work floor. In other words, these studies examine the presence of different languages on the work floor. 2.2 Multilingualism in Hong Kong Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 1 July 1997. Before the handover, Hong Kong was a British colony (Poon, 2010). After the handover, the government implemented a ‘bi-literacy and trilingual policy’ in which two written languages were promoted, namely English and Chinese, and in which three spoken languages were promoted, namely English, Cantonese and Putonghua, which is the Chinese term for spoken Mandarin (Kwai Sang Lee & Wai Mun Leung, 2012). Chapter 2: Multilingualism in the workplace in the Hong Kong Financial sector In this chapter, relevant literature (Chew, 2005; Evans, 2013) examining the functions and use of English, Cantonese, Putonghua on the work floor in the Hong Kong financial sector will be reported
Advertising in China may require the College to hire a bilingual employee. However, the college has two practical options. First, the college
My personal experience being multilingual is that i am able to freely express myself in words or phrases that come natural to me. Being able to speak Vietnamese, English, and French with ease while using some commonly known phrases from the Japanese language. Martin Espada and Richard Rodriguez, two authors that speak Spanish and English have different standpoints on the subject of bilingualism. In Martin Espada’s essay “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School” explains the need to maintain cultural identity through bilingualism, while in Richard Rodriguez’s exert “Hunger of Memory” depicts the necessity of becoming bilingual to be able to function well in society. “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School” by Martin Espada explores
The population of ELLs is rapidly expanding across the United States; it is projected that one in every four students in the U.S. will speak English as a second language by 2025 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). For at least 30 years, ELLs’ achievement in science, language, and literacy has lagged behind that of native English speakers. They are also less likely to pursue advanced degrees in science. (Shaw, 2014, p. 622) According to the U.S. Department of Education (2010), when looking specifically at Latino English language learners, it is found that they are less likely to complete high school and attend college compared to their White non-Latino peers.
Language forms a part of culture and identity. Bilingualism is the right to speak multiple languages. Part of bilingualism is keeping and developing a passion for language. In the essay “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School,” Martín Espada suggests the definition of bilingualism and the importance of keeping it. Espada understands the difficulty of continuing to speak Spanish.
One in five United States residents speaks a foreign language. Try to do the math of this and it gives you roughly sixty-one million people in the United States that speak a foreign language. Being bilingual helps you in many different ways. It helps with your first language. It helps you communicate with others in ways that you were not capable of doing before and helps with your self-confidence.
Frank Smith, a famous author from the Cold War era, stated, “one language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” (Smith 110). Several school districts across the nation have implemented dual language immersion programs in their elementary schools. With a fast-growing immigrant rate in the United States, being multilingual has become extremely useful to many U.S. citizens. Dual language immersion programs should be implemented into every elementary school curriculum because children in these programs acquire a second language, which helps them develop useful skills, become more aware of cultures around the world, and, contrary to the opposition’s claim, it does help students learn better in school.
As a result, African markets still have to receive a large numbers of Chinese employees. However, Chinese employees lag far behind European and American people in language ability. Communication is often done by language description and
Today, bilingual education used in many countries for a variety of social and educational purposes. It is become actual problem of this century. Because, the world is changing and according to the requirements of time, the human mind adjusts to new discoveries, to new tops. Large-scale changes in all spheres of human activity: the globalization of the economy and politics, the information explosion, the rapid development of communication defined new requirements for the quality of education. First of all, a general global trend towards integration in the sphere of education determines the trend towards integration of subject knowledge.
A person who speaks more than one language is described as being bilingual. According to the United States Department of Education, “about 21% of school-age children speak a language other than English at home,” (Lowry, 2011). As Wayne Thomas and Virginia Collier describe in, “Two Languages are Better Than One,” children who come into school having a first language besides English, tend to struggle. Usually when a child struggles with a particular subject, they are taken out of the main classroom and brought somewhere for a remedial class. But according to Thomas and Collier, in order to help narrow the gap in comprehension, English learners and English speakers need to be kept together in order to be fully enriched in a successful learning
Increasing development of bilingual education and the evolution of language may be due to the population size, social, political, economical and personal requirements. Numerous researches show that learning a language can improve mental agility, it can strengthen brain, develop communicative abilities of invidividuals and strengthen and improve overall humans´ abilities and skills. The concept of bilingualism should be tackled because of the various definitions that are given to this term. Those definitions seem to share one basic element, which is the use of two given languages by a given speaker. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary bilingualism is the ability to speak two languages or the frequent use (as by a community) of two languages.
Your organization as of late declared a "communicate in English-just" arrangement, and your manager has let you know not to ever communicate in Cantonese to your associates while at work. Second example is that if another client benefit position opens in your organization. You apply for the activity since it pays a higher pay and more customary work hours. Even though you are familiar with English, you are told by the chief that you can't be considered for the position since you talk with a Spanish articulation. Another representative who talks with a British articulation is met for the position.
There are many limitations and difficulties to attain accurate results on the differences of bilinguals and monolinguals, however, researchers and educators are positive about the benefits of being bilingual or multilingual. Hopefully new research and studies in the near future will be able to solve the questions and
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Definition and backgrounds of theories and concepts connected to this study are provided in this chapter. Reviews of previous studies on code-switching, bilingualism and computer mediated communication which are homogenous to this study are provided. 2.1. Bilingualism 2.1.1. Definition of bilingualism
Learning a second language at a younger age is beneficial Most little kids first day of school is when they are approximately five years old, and about to enter kindergarten. Kids go to school from about age five till graduation from high school at about age eighteen. Most schools focus on the basic core subjects, such as math, reading, science and history. Until junior high or high school, foreign language is not even offered.
Bilingualism is slowly becoming a popular “trend”. Those who are able to speak a second language at an advanced level and not only, are clearly considered by the society intellectually capable of great things. As a bilingual, the individual must not only know the grammar rules or achieve a high level in communication. He also has to study the cultural background of that specific language. Knowing a second language has a major impact on one’s life.