Multiple Sclerosis

There could be serious effects that include anemia, seizures, thrombocytopenia, cardiomyopathy, hepatotoxicity, depression, and increased risk for suicide (Caple, Uribe, & Pravikoff, 2015). Corticosteroids are used as the main treatment for relapses and are used to shorten the duration of attacks. Anti-inflammatory helps restore the blood-brain barrier. There are side effects from long-term use such as hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, cataracts, and ulcers. Immunotherapeutic agents help to reduce inflammation and hinder the immune response, and they may reduce relapses by about 30%.

People use many different kinds of biomedical interventions in the instance of stomach discomfort, mostly antacids but in some cases H-2 receptor antagonists, and pro-kinetics. There are a few different antacids out there including: Pepto-Bismol, Alka-Seltzer and Tums. The most common H-2 receptor antagonist is Pepcid and pro-kinetics is the least common route to relief. Pepto-Bismol is one of the more common interventions to defeating dyspepsia and is offered as a liquid, caplet and chewable tablet. It’s active ingredient is bismuth subsalicylate and does many things in order to relieve the stomach of pain.

In order to understand the effects of naloxone we must understand the causes of an opioid overdose. An opioid can affect the part of the brain that controls breathing. When too much opioid is taken into the system it blocks the receptors in the brain that cause you to breathe. With a depressed respiratory rate someone overdosing on the drug has the potential to go into cardiac arrest and die. Signs of an overdose may include; pinpoint pupils, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, irregular breathing, stopped breathing or cold and clammy skin.

estion 1: Venlafaxine, also known by the brand Effexor, is an atypical antidepressant that acts as a tricyclic serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used to treat patients with major depressive, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety disorders in adults. It 's more common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, sweating, dry mouth, and sexual dysfunction, and less common side effects include suicidal behavior. It is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9 into certain metabolites such as O-desmethylvenlafaxine and N-desmethylvenlafaxine, depending on the isozyme acting upon it. O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) inhibit both serotonin and norepinephrine and is not active at histaminergic, muscarinic, or alpha (1) - adrenergic receptors.

People who have been diagnosed with asthma need to take long-term control medication. These medications reduce airway inflammation and help prevent symptoms from occurring. An inhaled corticosteroid, is an anti-inflammatory drug that prevents cells in the lungs from releasing the substances that trigger the asthma response. Medications in this class are Flovent, Pulmicort, Aerobid, Alvesco, Qvar, and Asthmanex.

Clonidine is a commonly used antihypertensive agent that reduces sympathetic tone, decreasing systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure. In anesthesia, clonidine is used as an adjunct for epidural, caudal, and peripheral nerve block anesthesia and analgesia. It is often used in the management of patients with chronic neuropathic pain to increase the efficacy of epidural opioid infusions. When given epidurally, the analgesic effect of clonidine is segmental, being localized to the level at which it is injected or infused. When added to local anesthetics of intermediate duration (eg, mepivacaine or lidocaine) administered for epidural or peripheral nerve block, clonidine will markedly prolong both the anesthetic and analgesic effects.

Botox treatment decreases the occurrence of spasms in cervical dystonia. Also called spasmodic torticollis, it is a neurological movement disorder in which the muscles of the neck spasm uncontrollably, thus forcing the neck or head into uncomfortable positions and motions that are often painful. Common symptoms of cervical

In addition to these side effects, anabolic-androgenic steroids may hindering the immune system, putting abusers at risk for infections. Injection of anabolic-androgen steroids also put people at risk of contracting hepatitis and HIV (Kersey et al.,

A common side effect of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough. While not fully understood, the cough is believed to be caused by a buildup of bradykinin. This buildup of bradykinin causes inflammation and a release of histamine which is believed to causes the dry cough some users of ACE inhibitors develop. ACE inhibitors act by inhibiting angiotensin II. Angiotensin II raises blood pressure by vasoconstriction causing peripheral resistance.

One harmful effect of nicotine is that it inhibits the body’s ability to produce saliva. Without saliva, bacteria will build up between the teeth and eventually cause tooth decay. E-cigs that contain smaller concentrations of nicotine, like 3mg or 6mg, may be better for oral health, but even nicotine in small amounts can affect the salivary glands. According to Women’s Health, nicotine causes more than just dental problems and dry mouth.

Opioid is a medicine that makes sedation and relief the pain. It reduces the amount of pain signal that goes to the brain. This medicine works by sticking to some proteins in the brains called opioid receptors, when they are stuck that’s when they reduce the amount of pain. This drug has negative effects, for example they can caused the patient drowsiness, mental confusion, nausea, constipation, and it can also cause depress respiration. Also being addicted to the drug can kill you by overdose or you can experience symptoms when the drug is suddenly reduced or

We, as a society, can pass laws against every drug or drug concoction on the planet. It doesn't matter. People will always come up with something knew to dazzle the mind and hurt the body. The purple drank effect is a fairly new endeavor in the world of man-made substances. For all it's wonderful mind-altering benefits, this concoction comes with a fair amount of things we should all be concerned about.

Discussion Post Week Eleven NURS6551, N-6 As an advanced practice nurse (APN), one will evaluate many patients with musculoskeletal and endocrine conditions. Therefore, the clinician must be aware of subtle differences that occur in various diseases to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. For the purpose of this week’s discussion, I will choose a case study and explain the likely diagnosis along with the differentials.

Robert Bayley Osgood was a professor of orthopedic surgery and chief of staff of the orthopedic department in a Boston hospital. He published texts on orthopedic surgery and was an author of a 1909 monograph on diseases in the bones. In 1903 he spoke on the painful lesions of the tibial tuberosity in children and adolescents. Carl Schlatter, a Swiss surgeon was a professor of surgery at Zurich. Schlatter is known for performing the first successful total gastrectomy in 1897.

Medication adherence refers to whether a patient is taking their prescribed medication as directed. Many chronic illnesses can be fought of and beaten with the use of pharmacotherapy. However, many patients cease to take their prescription, which could happen for a number of reasons, ranging from the patient, to the physician (Brown, Bussell, 2011). This is a very big problem, as developing, manufacturing, and distributing drugs costs a lot of money, and even human lives, that will go to waste and be destroyed if people do not take their medications.