Multiple Sclerosis Research Paper

In “Am I MS?” Miriamne Ara Krummel talks about her personal journey she endured dealing with multiple sclerosis. Krummel further explains at the end how she was finally able to accept her diagnosis and to embrace it. She finds that it’s important to be open about the disease. She believes that, “it might be helpful if more people would talk about death and dying as an intrinsic part of life” (76-77).When she was first diagnosed, she had a difficult time coping with MS. In fact, she at first denied that she could possibly have MS and like her family, were hoping that it was some kind of flu, until further testings’ at the hospital proved them wrong. However, through the process she learned that she felt better as she acknowledge the disease

Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body (skin, joints, and/or organs inside the body). When you have lupus, the body attacks the healthy tissues that’s supposed to fights off viruses, bacteria, and germs. Normally our immune system produces proteins called antibodies that protects the body from these invaders. Autoimmune means your immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and your body’s healthy tissues and creates autoantibodies that attack and destroy healthy tissue. These autoantibodies cause inflammation, pain, and damage in various parts of the body. Lupus is also a disease of flares, the symptoms worsen and you feel ill, and remissions (the symptoms improve and you feel better). (Wallace)

Lupus is the fourth leading cause in disability for women. 38% of Lupus patient has been forced to stop working due to health complications from this disease. Patients spend roughly about $6,000 in treatments alone. It is unfortunate that this disease has taken a backseat when it comes to research priorities. Hopefully as time goes by, the attention towards gaining investment will increase before more of the population has to go through this disease that makes it unbearable for an individual to live their

“Define success on your own terms, achieve it by your own rules, and build a life you’re proud to live,” quoted Anne Sweeney, formerly the co-chair of Disney Media, President of the Disney–ABC Television Group, and the President of Disney Channel. In this quote, Anne wanted everyone to know that everyone has their own definitions of success and have their own ways to get their. Two ways that people define success is being happy or satisfied with what they love doing and reaching their goals after obstacles. These two features can be seen in the books, The Outliers, The Last Lecture, Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul and the article, Catching Kayla, by Digital Sports News.

A correct diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is attempted by taking a close-up look at the nerve cell tissues in the brain and spinal cord. The answers to developing health concerns like speech impairments, blurred vision and severe fatigue are often found in testing procedures such as these:

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that causes the demyelination of the myelin sheath which surrounds and protects nerve cells. Multiple sclerosis is a complicated and unpredictable neurological disease, and it can affect any area of the brain and spinal cord (“Multiple Sclerosis: Answers At Your Fingertips.”, 2010). According to Richman, Schub, and Pravikoff (2015) there can be four clinical types of MS, there is relapsing-remitting (RRMS), primary-progressive (PPMS), secondary-progressive (SPMS), and progressive-relapsing (PRMS). PPMS has a steady progression of symptoms. SPMS has serious progression of symptoms later throughout the disease. PRMS has a steady progression of symptoms. Multiple sclerosis usually occurs in people who

For a proper diagnosis of MS to be made a variety of exams must take place, some of which include MRI, spinal fluid analysis, and most importantly an adequate medical history of the patient. In 2010, a modified criterion was established to aid in the diagnosis process by the name of McDonald Criteria. The criteria must be done by a physician and is as follows, “find evidence of damage in at least two separate areas of the central nervous system (CNS) this includes the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, find evidence that the damage occurred at least one month apart, and lastly rule out all other possible diagnoses” (National Multiple Sclerosis Society [APA], n.d.). It is absolutely crucial to diagnosis and treat MS as early as possible to prevent irreversible damage to the nervous system.

Glial cells are the primary central nervous system immune effector cells. Neuroinflammation is an altered situation developed in the presence of plays a significant role in various chronic and acute pathological conditions of the central nervous system. Our results showed that the stimulation of C6 cells with LPS (0.5 μg/mL) significantly increased the level of TNF-α and IL-6 in culture supernatant when compared with unstimulated cells (Fig. 3). It is well established that glial cells are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, plays a critical role in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration disorders. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, the outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, is a major pathogenic factor in sepsis. LPS has been established for inflammatory research because LPS induces systemic inflammation mimicking the initial clinical features of sepsis (Block & Hong 2005). Both PZ and PT at the studied concentrations, i.e., 5 and 10 μg/mL, showed significant reduction in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced neuroinflammation model in C6 cells. PZ showed 26.27±1.33 and 30.77±0.94 % inhibition and PT showed 17.10±1.19 and 42.13±3.54 % inhibition of TNF-α at dose 5 and 10µg/ml respectively. Similarly, PZ

“ Multiple sclerosis cam be defined as an autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath and conduction of pathway of the nervous system (CNS). It is one of the leading causes of neurologic disabilities in young adults. It is a chronic disease that is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation.” (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 978) Multiple sclerosis affects all patient’s differently, progressing at different rates over different periods of time. “As the severity and duration of the disease progress, the periods of exacerbation become more frequent, however patient’s with MS have a normal life expectancy as long as the effects of the disease are treated.” (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 978)

Multiple Sclerosis can impair the victim both physically and mentally. It can be more daunting and self-esteem crushing that a person has the possibility of losing their ability to function independently as a result of an illness that affects their mind. A person’s psychological well-being all depends on how they adapt and accept the diagnosis, disabilities and the implications that come with Multiple Sclerosis. They must also think about the possibility of psychological impairment as a result of

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) most commonly known as multiple organ failure is a very progressive disorder in which affects the autonomic nervous system. Multiple System Atrophy mostly affects the autonomic nervous system which is the system in which the non-voluntary processes in the body is monitored by, such as blood pressure, digestion, and pulse. During the progressive part of MSA, the disease results in extreme loss of function and death of several nerve cells in the brain and spine. To this day there is no diagnosed known cause to Multiple System Atrophy. MSA is so rare, in fact it only affects 15,000-50,000 people total in a lifetime. This disorder is most common in males

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) which is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells (neurons) in charge of controlling voluntary muscles in the body. The disease is classified to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases. Lou Gehrig’s disease causes weakness with a broad assortment of disabilities that eventually cause all muscles under voluntary control to be affected. The patient will eventually lose their strength and not have the ability to move their arms, legs, or any other body part. When muscles in the diaphragm and chest wall fail, patients lose the ability to breathe without a ventilator for support. Most people with ALS die from respiratory failure, usually within 3 to 5 years from the onset of symptoms. However, about 10 percent of ALS patients

This effect can be exasperated in married women who have contracted a chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis. This essay will now explore how experiences of space and place have been reconstructed in patients after they have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. According to the MS Society, multiple sclerosis ‘involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system’ (The National MS Society, 2015). Women who suffer from this chronic illness often consider themselves as doubly handicapped and lose confidence according to the same article. They believe that their ability to perform in the home space and workplace has been diminished because of illness. Illness can lead to stress on the family unit and in some cases a permanent breakdown may occur (Thomson, et al., 2002). This can leave married women especially having to ‘reconstruct the home space’ in both the physical surroundings inside their home and also the location of their home (The National MS Society, 2015). The importance to reduce a woman’s dependency on others can leave women feeling more isolated than before. Women may be afraid to ask for help or care as doing this, reaffirms them of their burden within

Background: Vanishing White Matter disease (VWM) is one of the most frequently inherited childhood leukoencephalopathies. This disease clinically presents with cerebellar ataxia and spasticity, eventually leading to coma and death. Currently no treatment is available. Stem cells are cells that have the ability to renew themselves and can differentiate into each cell type. Since 2006 it is known