of mycopesticide (Wood and Thomas 1996).Therefore more research in this field is increasing essential. The aim of this study to evaluate the biocontrol potential of T. album against R.dominica under laboratory condition and during 6 months of wheat storage.
Materials and methods
1. Insect rearing:
Insect culture Rhyzopertha dominica was collected from the public wheat storages and reared on whole wheat grains. Insect cultures were maintained in plastic jars (1 liter) covered with muslin cloth. All R. dominica insects were reared under condition of 27 ±1°C and 75 ± 2% R.H. in the laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
2. Source of fungi:
2.1- Fungus, Trichoderma album
The species
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The fungal cultures which grown earlier on Petri dishes were transferred to the rice (2 Petri-dishes/plastic bag) under sterilized conditions. The bags then closed and kept under 25-30°C for 15 days. After that the rice was dried on strengthening paper and then grinded. Then 50 grams of ground rice inoculated with Conidiospores of, T. album fungi was added to (1 kg) of wheat. Each gram of rice powder loaded with fungus contained (7x107 conidia /ml) which considered the highest concentration that gave the highest mortality rate in previous bioassay experiment, then the treated wheat with T. album in addition to control wheat were infested with an insect, R. dominica an early stage of the infection and stored in plastic jars (1 liter) covered with muslin cloth at 25±1 ºC and 80-90% RH for six months.
5. Physicochemical properties of stored wheat
Healthy kernels of wheat variety without infestation was used as a control. Infested wheat, wheat treated with Trichoderma albums (treated wheat) after six months of storage as described above in addition to control sample were milled in a laboratory mill. The resulting flour samples were used for physiochemical analysis.
The kernels damaged by the insect in the wheat samples were detected visually, and weighed(w/w). The test weight was determined by using the approved method of the American Association of Cereal Chemists 55-10 and the results were reported in
We placed three female bean beetles and two male bean beetles in each petri dish. We had a total of three petri dishes, one for each trial. The petri dishes were then placed in constant light under the same conditions for a week. After one week, the data was then collected by counting the number of eggs on each bean by using a light microscope and this number was then recorded and compared to each bean
To test the hypothesis the impact of temperature on milkweed bugs, they will be placed in three different temperature conditions. The temperatures include: 10°C (refrigerated), room temperature 22°C and at 28°C. These various temperatures represent the lowered temperatures from the milkweed bugs optimal temperature (28°C). The day and light cycle for these conditions will be 16L:8D. To test the hypothesis of the effect of light regime on development, milkweed bugs were placed in 22°C condition with a 16L:8D cycle and 22°C condition with a 2.5L:21.5D cycle. About 35 milkweed bug eggs will be placed in a clear container for each treatment group.
Due to this the research hypothesis was supported. After further calculations if a person wanted to collect 64 pill bugs all he/she needs to do is spray this mixture of sugar around his house and everywhere in his backyard. Two chi-square tests were performed on the data to determine if the
In the case of filicide or false confession, the case takes place in the Netherlands in 2006, a mother of two children Kim made a call to emergency services claiming that someone broke into her home attacked her and killed her two children. Kim stated that the assailant Benny was looking for her ex-boyfriend Richard who owed the assailant money. During the call to emergency services, Kim told the dispatcher there was blood everywhere, based on her crying and inability to speak clearly Kim seemed to be suffering confusion as well as extreme distress and panic. Upon arrival at the home of Kim, officers found the lifeless bodies of her children, Roxanne age 2 and Don age 6 months who were both stabbed to death in their beds (de Ruiter & Kaser-Boyd, 2015). Kim is escorted by officers from her home to the police station where she is informed that her children are dead, her response in uncontrollable crying.
In “The Six-Legged Meat of the Future”, authors Marcel Dicke and Arnold Van Huis, believe the insects are going to become the new meat in place of pork, beef, or chicken. Dicke and Van Huis have researched the experiments and foods in the Netherlands to advocate their belief. These “insects are high in protein, B vitamins and minerals like iron and zinc, and they’re low in fat”(Dicke and Van Huis, para. 2). Also, most people believe that insects can have poisons, however, “less than 0.5% of all known insect species are harmful” (Dicke and Van Huis, para. 6).
Elizabeth Barron Winters OA April 17, 2017 Case study 2 Immunological malfunction Question 1 IgA is a monomer in plasma and is a dimer in mucus, tears, intestinal secretions and milk. Its function is to prevent pathogens from penetrating underlying tissues and sticking to epithelia. IgD is a transmembrane protein of B cells and its function is to help the activation of B Cells by antigens. IgE is a transmembrane protein of basophils and mast cells, its function is to simulate the release of histamine and other inflammation mediators. IgG is the circulating antibodies in blood plasma, it is secreted in the secondary immune response.
The bacteria, which is found in flies’ natural food source rotting fruit, was represented by the yeast, and the sugar was represented by the maple syrup. The purpose was to be able to identify which substances the flies were attracted to the most
The investigation was carried out to identify the presence or absence of biological molecules in serum 2216. If the concentration in each test tube of the dilutions carried out will be more concentrated then the concentration of the test tube before it, then the color will be at an equal concentration with the other dilutions performed. The hypothesis was wrong because of the difference in concentrations due to the different measurements within the dilutions done. The test for starch was to add a drop of iodine solution to the pipette in the spotting tile. A reducing sugar solutions is add inside a test tube with 3 drops to then add 3 drops of benedicts and plane in a water bath.
At the conclusion of each of the three trials, the number of caterpillars that showed peck marks was tallied. The average of the three trials revealed that 0.67 out of 8 patterned caterpillars had been pecked and 2.67 out of 8 of the solid colored caterpillars showed signs of avian predation (Figure 1). The average rate of avian predation for the three trials was 8.3% for the patterned caterpillars and 33.3% for the solid colored caterpillars. The number of patterned caterpillars pecked was less than the number of solid colored caterpillars pecked for all three trials. It was observed that there were no adhesive issues, weather related damage, or interference from tree
The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%. To prepare the solutions a 70% ethanol solution was used to make 40%.
The sterile cotton swab was inserted in the S. epidermidis culture and twirled around to obtain a specimen. The entire plate was inoculate with the swab from top to bottom, to achieve a lawn of growth. The dry forceps was used to remove the antibiotic disk into the appropriate spot on the plate. This process was repeated for the all antibiotics with aseptic technique being used. The plate was incubate with lid up on the bookshelf at room temperature for 48 hours.
Pesticides and How it Works Abstract: A pest is "a plant or creature unfavorable to people or human concerns". Pesticide is Chemical or natural substance intended to slaughter or retard the development of pests that harm or meddle with the development of products, bushes, trees, timber and other vegetation coveted by people. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Antimicrobials, Herbicides Introduction:
Abstract In this experiment, the isolation, characterization, and determination of concentration and purity of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA from Allium Cepa or onion was performed. DNA was isolated through the use of a homogenizing solution. The absorbance ratio was 1.5, which indicates protein contamination. Moreover, the characterization of its components was conducted through the use of different chemical tests.
DWV has been detected in various insect groups that play different roles in ecosystem, including insect predators, pollinators and pest species that live inside the
Introduction Gallbladder is an organ in the body and it is part of the biliary system. It is a pear-shaped muscular sac that is located on the ventral surface of the liver and on the right side of the abdomen. Moreover, it has 3 layers; an outer serous peritoneal layer, a middle smooth muscle layer and the last layer is an inner mucosal layer which is connected to the lining of the bile duct. The main function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile which helps the body to break down and digest fats.