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Sigmund Freud's The Psycho-Analytical Approach

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Unearthing Myself through Psychology
The quest of knowing & understanding human nature is as old as evolution of humans itself. Since past, a lot of efforts have been put in this regard by various scholars of different perspectives and a number of theories have been developed under term of ‘Personality’. Accordingly, Personality is a natural concept and it usually refers to psychological characteristics of an individual that are general, enduring, distinctive, integrated, and functional. Personality is usually studied into components called the big five which are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Additionally, it is always more interesting to know the development of personality rather than …show more content…

After studying and analyzing the same, Freud explained the phenomenon with the help of sexual conflicts happened during childhood stage. Freud also briefed impact of childhood sexual conflicts on development of the individual personality. Proposed theory comprises the following assumptions about human nature:
i. Our behavior is primarily driven by psychological energy called libido. Drives and instincts are the source of this energy. ii. We are motivated to satisfy these instinctive needs unconsciously. (Pleasure motives i.e. drives and instincts as …show more content…

via sucking, biting, chewing, and crying. The next anal stage (1 to 3 yrs), removal takes the importance. Now, pleasure comes through retention/ expulsion of feces. First time , child feels presence of external constraints, in the form of toilet training. The manner, in which weaning and toilet training happens, i.e. either forcefully/ softly, is thought to affect adult personality. Next to develop is the phallic stage, (3 to 5 yrs), when the pleasure around on the sexual organs. These times, it is thought that children become curious about the origin of babies. During the phallic stage, children feel unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent. The same-sex parent now becomes the competitor. Once in this triangle, children sense that the same-sex parent will not bow out, gracefully or otherwise. They begin to fear that the same-sex parent will retaliate against them. Freud termed it as Oedipus complex i.e. Greek myth, tragic character that unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. This Oedipus complex is resolved when children realize that they will not win the opposite-sex parent for themselves. They therefore settle for the next best thing--to possess Mom or Dad indirectly and symbolically, by taking on the characteristics of the other parent. By this process, children acquire the personalities they will have as adults.

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