Nanoscience Research Paper

Nanoscience is promising research area which is concerned with the study of materials that are in the nano meter scale range. Atoms and molecules are typically a few nanometers in size. Nanometer is a thrilling point on the length scale, where the smallest man-made devices meet up the atoms and molecules of the natural world. Now a days the nano structures made by humans represent the most promising field of material science. The great physicist Professor Richard Feynman, in 1959, gave an idea about what is now known as “nanoscience” during his speech, which was entitled as: “There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom”. He deliberately explored the possibility of “direct manipulation” of the individual atoms to be valuable form of ‘synthetic

are affected. These changes include an increase in electrical conductivity, electrical resistivity or magnetic coercivity of nanoparticle .Nanosized materials can be organic ,inorganic or combinations that are of nanometer size .The particles can be amorphous ,semi crystalline or crystalline .There is growing interest in nanostructures from molecular building blocks because of the flexibility and versatility inherent in their assembly .Owing to the relatively weaker interactions between the building units ,the trademark of molecular materials, it is likely that some of the fundamental characteristics of molecular nano materials are different from those of metals and semiconductor nanostructures. Considerations such as these suggest that molecular nanostructures are highly gifted from the perspectives of novel physical phenomena as well as technological applications [Horn and Reiger.,2001]. The unusual property of nanoparticles is due to following

Then an electron beam ionizes the clusters which are accelerated towards a substrate and the clusters are deposited in thin film . 4. Consolidation:- Collection and consolidation of small clusters was the first attempt to generate and study bulk nanocrystalline materials. Here the material evaporated by resistive heating condenses in the inert gas in the form of small crystallites is transported via convection to the liquid nitrogen filled cold finger. The powder is then scrapped from the cold finger, collected via funnel and consolidated first in the low pressure and then in the high-pressure compaction unit. 5.Ball Milling:-In ball milling process the grain size in powder samples can be reduced to nanometer scale by mechanical deformation . It is applicable to pure bcc metals like Cr, Nb, and W and immiscible systems (Fe, Al) etc. Magnetic, catalytic and structural nanoparticles can be synthesized by high-energy ball milling. A major advantage of ball milling is that it is a 'quantity’ process permitting several Kg of material to be produced in time of up to 100