National Pride Literature Review

Literature Review
Social scientists have already tried to measure the levels of national pride in various countries, as well as to find the determinants of this phenomenon. However these studies rarely distinguished the terms nation and nationality, and even equated them in some cases. Unfortunately, the relationship between the level of national pride of country’s core national group and national minorities living in one particular country has not been clearly defined yet.
Firstly, we need to define what national minorities identify as their homeland: historical or actual one. The research of ethnic Russians (Barrington, Herron and Silver 2003), who lived in Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and Ukraine, revealed that homeland is not

The data seems to be comparatively reliable as the scientists used probability samples from 23 different countries. The authors use comprehensive multi-item measures of national pride: general national pride and national pride in specific achievements. First measure is related to which extent the respondents were proud of their nationalities, while other measure helps to understand the reasons of being proud of one’s nationality. Similarly, Evans and Kelly (2002) studied how pride derives from specific achievements in science, art and literature, sport and economy. The sampling method used was stratified random sampling, and the sample was said to be representative in age, education, occupation, and industry. The findings of this study suggest that plurality evolve the sense of national pride from such specific achievement categories as science and technology, arts and literature, sports, and history in each of the 24 countries where research was conducted. However, other categories such as economy, armed forces, e.t.c. have different degrees of

There we need to clarify the national identity term, as it is closely related to forms of national pride. The national identity is defined as consciousness of connection with a nation, which provides the perception of people’s relationship toward others, and introduces the reasons to perceive the country as a homeland (Hjerm, 1998). Hjerm examined descriptions of the concepts of national pride and nationalism. He concluded that national pride links to personal beliefs and attitudes in relation to nation-state, while nationalism involves multiple levels, including united beliefs of the whole members of the society as well as personal beliefs. Furthermore, the study results propose that ethnical national identity might cause an increased risk of rise of xenophobia, whereas civic national identity does