Nationalism: Unity, Identity And Autonomy

When a society develops, it will become necessary for a government to compensate for the eventual defect of moral virtue in individuals. However, as this is what is necessary for government to supply, that is the extent the government should be involved according to Paine. The freedom and security of a society is the aim of a government, aims which should not be overstepped. This concept of limiting government to its intended purpose is seen most clearly in the libertarian movement in modern times. Libertarianism is still keenly influenced by Paine’s anti-Federalists sentiments within this paper simply applied to modern issues.

The division of the federal government into three distinct branches, each with the authority to effectively check the power of the others will also ensure the best protection of individual liberty. Although critics claim that a mixing of powers will potentially lead to all the powers amassed in one branch, the subdivision of authority on two levels, state and federal, provides a double protection for the rights of the people. The unique characteristics of the American people make it perfect for self- government. The form of an extended republican government described by the U.S. Constitution will offer the best protection for the individual rights of citizens while having the power to work towards the common

He sees elite competition as an important force in shaping historical outcomes: 'Elites seeing to mobilize the ethnic group against its rivals or against the centralizing state strive to promote a congruence of a multiplicity of the group 's symbols... Elites seeking to challenge the authenticity of an ethnic group 's claim for individuality will do the opposite…..’ This further implies that 'the process of ethnic identity formation and its transformation into nationalism is reversible. ' (Manor 1996) He accepts the insights in the well-known book The “invention of tradition,” but he adds that when ethnic consciousness is

Thomas Paine opposes the ideology of government, stating that, “Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil,” (Paine 3). Essentially, the purpose of government is to protect people from preforming vices, and defend their natural right to Locke’s ideology of life, liberty and property. Without government, coercion would occur, and destroy one’s ability to express their natural rights. For America, Paine believes that the establishment of a strong fundamental government could allow for the cohesion of citizens to form a society respected by other nations

... Behind closed doors, however, the elites who make national security policy speak mostly the language of power, not that of principle. ... In essence, a discernible gap separates public rhetorics from the actual conduct of American foreign policy.” [ John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W. W. Norton, 2001] 2.2.1 Realism Policies and Liberalism Rhetorics Foreign policies also produce soft power when they promote broadly shared values such as democracy and human rights. Americans have wrestled with how to integrate our values with other interests since the early days of the republic.

While both men come from different sides of the political spectrum—Edmund Burke is from the conservative right and Karl Marx is from the liberal/socialist left—they both disagree with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in their writing. As a conservative, Burke claims, “the very idea of the fabrication of a new government is enough to fill us with disgust and horror.” From there, one can comprehend Burke’s main argument and his love of tradition, which ultimately explains why he is against the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and the French Revolution. Burke does not believe in replacing an institution that has existed for decades. Instead of having a revolution and tearing down the principles that guide society, Burke would argue for gradual reform. Burke believes that “when antient options and rules of life are taken away, the loss cannot possibly be estimated.” Although

Edmund Burke talks about the French Revolution as little more than a chaotic bloodbath that took place for no good reason. He holds a nostalgic and romantic notion of European tradition and culture. Burke’s view of an ideal society is one which has stood the test of time. To him, that is the ultimate way of testing a government’s legitimacy. This seems logical at first, since a form of government which has succeeded for hundreds of years would have no more room to improve.

This system was too inefficient and oppressed to many people. Philosophies of enlightenment are what set the flame to begin the rebellion. Brains of John Locke, and Montesquieu were throwing out their philosophies. The French people wanted to redesign their countries policies and century old institutions and ideals such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. Similarly to the American Revolution the French were influenced by the ideals of enlightenment such as popular sovereignty.

That would surely last for no longer, but the French Revolution rose ... The French Revolution is often seen as a bloody anarchic mess, and like many other revolutions, it ended at the end of replacing an authoritarian regime with an authoritarian regime. But even though the revolution was a mess, its ideas changed human history. In the eighteenth century, France was a beautiful and popular country, but society was structured in a way that gave rise to problems for the collection of taxes. They had a system we call "Ancien Régime" This benefited the few Frenchmen, as it meant that the people with money - the generous and priest - should not pay

MAIN IDEA OF REALISM, LIBERALISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM Realism is the interpretation that world politics is motivated by competitive self-interest. Realists then believe that the significant dynamic among states is a struggle for power in an exertion to preserve or, if possible, expand its army security and economic benefit in competition with other states. Moreover, realists perceive this battle for power as a zero-sum game, in which an achievement for one state is certainly a loss for others. Realists are also possible to perceive humanity as integrally shared by national commitment to states or other identity for example culture or religion. In the words realists define national interest mainly in terms of whatever enhances or preserves a state 's security, influence, and its military and economic power.