Native Americans are pre-Columbian inhabitants of North America and South America. The native people of Canada are commonly known as First Nation people while the native people of United States are known as Native Americans. Women played a very important role in Native American society. Before the European colonization, the situations of Native Americans were good. They were the creator and preserver of culture and tradition. They were not only the housekeepers or caretakers of children but they also helped the men in agriculture and hunting. They were equal to native men. But after the colonization, the situation of Native women became worst. They were forced to depend economically on the men. They were expected to do only the household works and raised the children. In this way “their status declined, and they became more vulnerable to the interests and machinations of men” (Medicine and Jacobs 130).
Literature plays an important role to show the image of women in the society. Native American literature represents the native women, their voices and their experiences. Native American writers “focuses on or foreground gender and sexuality in their work contribute a space that brings us full force to questions of Native women consciousness, power and vision in relation to both
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Native men believed that women’s role is to fulfil the expectation of their fathers, husbands, brothers and other closest male relatives. The main duty of the native women is to cook and serve food for them. In the play “Weebjob”, Weebjob as a husband remembers his wife, when she had gone to his sister’s house, only when he feels hungry. He said to his daughter “Your mother is at her sister, not to return for a few days I’m hungry. See what is in the kitchen and I will break my fast” (“Weebjob” 20). He remembers Sweet Grass as a cook, not as a wife. Thus the Native American women are only expected to do the household
Theda Perdue`s Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835, is a book that greatly depicts what life had been like for many Native Americans as they were under European Conquering. This book was published in 1998, Perdue was influenced by a Cherokee Stomp Dance in northeastern Oklahoma. She had admired the Cherokee society construction of gender which she used as the subject of this book. Though the title Cherokee Women infers that the book focuses on the lives of only Cherokee women, Perdue actually shines light upon the way women 's roles affected the Native cultures and Cherokee-American relations. In the book, there is a focus on the way that gender roles affected the way different tribes were run in the 1700 and 1800`s.
Yet, Louise Erdrich’s poem, “Advice to Myself”, she talks about feminism and how women need to make their way in the world, she tends to focus a lot on multiculturalism including conflicting religious beliefs. Most of her poems and books are mainly about supernatural happenings with odd events. She is important because from her novels more readers have begun to appreciate that contemporary Native Americans have important stories to tell that go beyond retelling their ancestors’ rich creation myths and legends. Her life accomplished experiences and culture beliefs within her writing. After all, she is a poet and novelist of Chippewa and German descent, Erdrich has become one of the most important authors writing Native American fiction in the late twentieth century.
Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a text that describes the experiences of Mary Rowlandson during her captivity by the Native Americans in the King Phillips war. The details about the capture which took place in 1676 are recorded in her diary accounts which were written a few years after she was released. The captivity lasted about eleven weeks and is accounted in the diaries. Rowlandson specifically believes that her experiences were related to the Bible and that the capture was a trial from God which she had to endure in order to survive and remain a true Christian woman who is suitable for the then puritan society (Harris 12).
Surprisingly, Native American women had more freedom than the white women in the Chesapeake, Middle Colonies, or New England region. Some Native American women were given rights such as controlling land, political power, marriage and divorce in choice. There were matrilineal kinship system, in fact, marriage was not the most top rite of passage for them. The author covers around the 1600s- 1800s century time period while focusing on mainly white women but also women of color.
The development of agriculture and the rise of industrialization generated new cultures and innovations in the new world. Native people in early America developed cultural distinct , men were in charge of the fishing, hunting, jobs that were more exposed to violence, and the women stayed closed to the village, farming, and child bearing. The way of life possessed by natives Americans did not compel them to conquer and transform new land. As opposed to European colonizers, Native Americans subscribed to a more “animistic” understanding of nature. In which they believed that plants and animals are not commodities, they are something to be respected rather than used.
While reading about American history the thing that I found most appealing was the limited rights that women had during this era. Although women gave the early settlers longer life expectancy and brought hope to their future, women still were not considered equal to a man. Women were discriminated against and didn’t play an important role in early American history. Generally, women had fewer legal rights and career opportunity than men because they were considered weak and not able to perform certain tasks. Different women came from different ethnic backgrounds and were all created equal in the eyes of men.
Native Americans Native Americans are very different from other tribes. They eat, live, dress and do many things differently. The things I’m going to be talking about in my interesting paper is What they eat? What they wear? Where they live?
He also observed that “They usually do more work than the men, although they are not forced or compelled to do so” (1632). Gender roles in European society were also well defined in this era. Women handled household chores and cared for the children while men hunted to provide for their families, fought in wars, and had more rights and freedom than women. It is difficult to determine if Native American men had more rights than women, although it appears from the documents that they did have more free time. A noticeable difference between the Huron women and Native Americans in colonial Pennsylvania, however, was
Quite simply put, Europeans viewed Africans and Native Americans as inferior to themselves. They were considered to be heathens and barbarians by the Europeans. And, at least initially, they were not Christian. It was believed that Europeans could save both Native Americans and Africans not only spiritually but also economically and socially. This type of attitude also most likely made it much easier for the Europeans to discriminate and exploit them.
Even though they share common ideas, they are quite different, for example, their stories were passed on differently. Native Americans are indigenous natives of the Americas. Their literature incorporated culture with a written language and oral tradition that captured their ideals. For example, stories,
Throughout history, there have been many literary studies that focused on the culture and traditions of Native Americans. Native writers have worked painstakingly on tribal histories, and their works have made us realize that we have not learned the full story of the Native American tribes. Deborah Miranda has written a collective tribal memoir, “Bad Indians”, drawing on ancestral memory that revealed aspects of an indigenous worldview and contributed to update our understanding of the mission system, settler colonialism and histories of American Indians about how they underwent cruel violence and exploitation. Her memoir successfully addressed past grievances of colonialism and also recognized and honored indigenous knowledge and identity.
Compare and Contrast the Native American Culture Introduction The Native Americans were the original owners of the United States of America. However, due to the population increase in Europe, the European migrated to America in seek of land for farming, settlement, and spread their religion (Desai, n.p). The two communities lived together and interacted with each other.
Before the Spanish ship that changed it all, which arrived in the “New World” in 1492, thriving organized communities of native people had centuries of history on the land. That ship, skippered by Christopher Columbus, altered the course of both Native American and European history. 1492 sparked the fire of cultural diffusion in the New World which profoundly impacted the Native American peoples and the European settlers. Prior to European contact, Native Americans lived as hunter-gatherers, living and traveling in groups of typically less than 300 people. These Native Americans spoke over 400 languages and practiced a myriad of different religions (The American Pageant).
In all the different tribes, none of the women are seen as less than the men, however in European culture at the time, the women were seen as weak and lesser beings. Gunn Allen tackles this issue using ethos logos and pathos by appealing to the readers through logic, emotion and her personal experiences. With Ethos Gunn Allen makes herself a credible source by mentioning that she is a “half breed American Indian woman. ”(83) making her story worth paying attention to rather than if it were a story by an outsider who truly has nothing to do with the American Indian women.
As we know, Native American literature includes myths that were orally transmitted for centuries and covered different topics, like the one we read, which belongs to the Trickster folklore. The Trickster tales were often morality tales that taught lessons about proper behavior to children, although they could be told for simple amusement as well as on sacred occasions. Moreover, the typical tale narrates a kind of picaresque adventure in which the Trickster encounters a situation to which he responds with silliness and meets a playful end.