Megan Hardy 18 January 2016 PHIL21006SP16: Intro to Logic Dr. F. Gipson Natural Deductive Logic: Introduction to Logic (Video/ Lecture 1) The term logic is used everyday whether it is known or not. Logic is a way to reason. Making everyday life decisions and making the better choice versus a different one would be a way of using logic. Rational decision-making would also be another way of explaining the term logic. One way of showing that an argument is valid is to break it down into several steps and to show that one can arrive at the conclusion through some more obvious arguments. In a proof one starts with the premises and tries to get to the conclusion of the argument. The point of deductive logic is truth preservation. The question …show more content…
Propositional logic, along with sentential logic is like a set of claims more known as an argument. A claim would be another word for proposition. The claim or the proposition can be either true or false depending on how it is used. Propositional logic has a lot to do with different logical relationships. The parts of speech in the proposition are not as important as the proposition that makes the statement true or false. An example would be “Kim is wearing a white blouse” The subject in this sentence would be “Kim,” with the predicate being “is wearing a white blouse.” Neither the predicate nor the subject are true or false sentences. If these statements are placed together as one whole sentence, it may be considered either a true statement as well as a false statement. Depending on if the proposition is considered to be true or false, will determine value to be true for a true proposition, or a false value for a false …show more content…
A propositional logic interest is considered how one position can relate to the truth-value of another proposition. Along with how truthful the value of a compound claim makes up the truth-value of a different claim will also determine this interest. An example would be; “Kim is wearing a white blouse and she has stolen a bike.” This would be determined as a compound sentence, because it expresses two complete thoughts that are connected to make one sentence. It is also considered a compound proposition because it contains two claims with each of the sentences also being a
Logical is an expression that either calculates the TRUE or FALSE. If will return TRUE if the expression is FALSE
Presentation of Evidence: In order to try to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, the prosecution will first present its case. This evidence may include witnesses, records, and forensic data. After then, the defence will get a chance to question the witnesses for the prosecution. Defense's Case:
– False Unless it perceived from a cold-weather precipitation: sleet, freezing rain and snow or it’s raining in other states or countries makes this a conditional truth statement 7. Whichever candidate receives the greatest share of the popular vote is elected President of the United States. - True Since, the political parties’ tallies votes are divided amongst all Fifty-one States in order to take the house. Based on the greatest totals of votes, which determine the President of the United States creates a logical structure.
Chapter 5: Logical proofs teaches you about the different types of reasoning and examples
The argument that the Pleasantville School should require students to complete 40 hours of community service prior to graduation is built on some weak assumptions that fail to support the point and convince the reader. and it also misses some major points in discussing the issue in hand. First , the argument mentions that the number of teenage volunteers has declined, but it doesn`t investigate the reasons that made teenagers refuse the community services. it would be better for the writer to tell us what caused the problem in order to know what would the best solution to it be.
During the mid 1800s, the pro-slavery argument was at its strongest. The Proslavery Argument by Boundless, an online textbook, discusses the famous Mudsill Speech of James Henry Hammond which stated that the pro-slavery political argument, an ideology that defended a class-sensitive view of American antebellum society. He believed that many past societies carried the burden of the existence of a class of landless poor. Continually, other southern pro-slavery theorists felt that this class of landless poor was “inherently transient and easily manipulated, and as such often destabilized society as a whole” (Boundless). Thus, the greatest threat to democracy was seen as coming from “class warfare that destabilized a nation's economy, society and
Through providing facts and data, the authors demonstrate the usage of logical
In 2009, during Obama’s presidency, Common Core was introduced to the public. According to the Common Core State Standards Initiative, Common Core is “a set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy (ELA)” created “to ensure that all students graduate from high school with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in college, career, and life, regardless of where they live.” However, the controversy on Common Core arose as many opponents such as Diane Ravitch found faults in the Common Core standards in the design of the standard and its inability to perform what it is designed to do and the purpose of ststandardized testing. Will the students benefit from these standards or will these standards
A logical fallacy is a mistake made when a person is trying to prove an argument. It can be very damaging to an essay’s credibility to have logical fallacies in it. Having a logical fallacy can cause the reader to lose interest in the essay; it also can also cause the writer to lose trust in the person writing the essay. Having logical fallacies can also cause the audience to become very confused by the person writing the essay. Logical fallacies are problems that it is important for everyone to avoid.
Douglass writing skills are further conveyed as magnificent through his logic-based argument. His logic-based argument comes through proving himself valid and credible, and developing uniform lines of reasoning. First and foremost, his validity is established early on, when he describes his background in vast amount of detail and even truthfully exclaims how he was separated from his parents, but that had an effect of which he did “not know” of and thus very miniscule. The reader carries many details about Douglass’ childhood, and Douglass illustrates the truth on how the separation did not affect him that much gains more credibility for him. The reason being is any slave who just starts off the narrative by complaining about his separation
A good reasoning is a reasoning that leads to certain, true and valid conclusions. There are two kinds of reasoning, inductive and deductive reasoning. Both processes include the process of finding a conclusion from multiple premises although the way of approach may differ. Deductive reasoning uses general premises to make a specific conclusion; inductive reasoning uses specific premises to make a generalized conclusion. The two types of reasoning can be influenced by emotion in a different manner because of their different process to yield a conclusion.
When Arthur Miller gives a short composition on why he writes the play, he gives a paradox that seems relevant throughout the play/movie (Core 3: introductory Adverbial Clause). A paradox can best be defined as an apparent contradiction and yet is true. Authors often use paradoxes in their works to make them more
Logic is what it is, facts can’t be changed. Logic gives you the cold, hard truth. There is no emotional appeal because who needs a crying teenager? There is no authority because nobody likes being told what to do. Logic, and books, are facts that get the point across short and sweet so there is no room for a change in opinion.
Among these ideas was the application of logic through the deductive method of syllogisms, which was based on correlation of terms (Gaarder 112). Milne uses a disjunctive form of syllogism in his introduction of one of his characters, Owl. As Pooh searches for Eeyore’s missing tail, he says to himself, “It’s Owl who knows something about something … or my name’s not Winnie-the-Pooh … Which it is … So there you are” (Milne 48).
Other truths include facts such as, “There are 12 inches in 1 foot.” Then there are truths that people connect to their identity: race, gender, career, etc. People connect the word “truth” to all these subjects. When focusing on the actual definition of truth this doesn’t seem entirely the connect usage of the word.