A. Data preprocessing
Text mining is the process of seeking or extracting the useful information from the textual data. Our data is preprocessed with the help of NLP (Natural Language Processing). Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area of research and application that explores how computers can be used to understand and manipulate natural language text.
Fig.2 Block diagram of citation recommendation system
1. Tokenization
User gives the query, a textual data from which keywords are to be extracted. Hence the given query is tokenized i.e. the process of breaking a stream of text in to words,phrases,symbols or other meaningful elements called tokens. The list of tokens becomes input for further processing such as parsing or text
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Mapping query with keyword communities
This work consists of recommending citations of given search query, which requires mapping query with the keyword cluster formed from the keyword-keyword network.
1. Formation of keyword network
Keywords are either extracted from publication database. Some data usually have the keywords which can be directly used to construct the keyword-keyword network. Keyword network is constructed which is an undirected and weighted graph where each node corresponds the keyword. Two nodes are connected by an edge if there is one article that contains both the keywords.
2. Formation of keyword communities
After keyword network construction the next step is clustering the keywords using Louvain community algorithm, a well known state-of-the-art-algorithm which is used to find the communities from the keyword network. This algorithm uses greedy optimization. This optimization is performed of two types, first the method looks for the smaller communities by optimizing modularity locally and aggregates the nodes which is belonging to same community and builds the network. Then the input query is mapped with keyword communities and constituent keywords from cluster are fetched to the next step of the
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They are time homogeneous. If one vertex is visited frequently by walk then all its neighbors are likely to be visited. This is called as smoothing process [15].by this way top ranked prestigious articles are viewed. But for diversity in random walk is achieved through Vertex reinforced random walk with restart. It is a time-variant process that takes in account of both prestige and diversity. The probability of jumping form one node to the other is constant over the time. The transition probabilities at each time are influenced by the number of times each state has been visited and by a priori likelihood matrix, which is real, symmetric and
This occurs when the routing table is updated. “The accumulated data is used to commute a map of the
The consequences also show that the term classification can be effectively approximated by the proposed clustering method. The proposed methodology is reasonable and robust. This paper demonstrates the new models totally tested and prove the results statistically significant. The paper also proves that the use of unrelated opinion is considerable for improving the performance of relevance feature discovery models. A promising methodology for developing effective text mining models for RFD discovery based on both positive and negative
x = 10 while x ! = 0 : print x x = x - 1 print " we 've counted x down, and it now equals", x print "And the loop has now ended." Boolean Expressions
Unit 9, Lesson 9: Digital Business Cards and Brochures 54.12— Define data mining. 54.13— Identify basic tools and techniques of data mining. 54.14— Explain the use of data mining in Customer Relationship Management (CRM). 54.15—Identify ethical issues of data mining. Lesson Intro Reading 9.9: Activity 9.9: ____________________________________________________________________________ Unit 9, Lesson 10: Digital Business Cards and Brochures 55.01—Publicize e-commerce site through non-Internet means such as mail, press release, broadcast media, print media, and specialty advertising.
Each network may have a different shape depending on how big it is, how much it expands, and in what direction it is moving in. This is defined as its structure. In order to understand all of this information I will have to look at two areas of knowledge, one of which is mathematics. Mathematics, in comparison to other areas of knowledge, is quite a selective network. It is very limited to what ways of knowing
Then they know they have to keep on walking to get to their next
This can mean the selection of a word or the word's tense, the arrangement of the words and the selection of the punctuation. Another utilization of syntax used by Alexie, is enumeration. “In a fit of unemployment- inspired creative energy, my father built a set of bookshelves and soon filled them with a random assortment of books about the Kennedy assassination, Watergate, the Vietnam War and the entire 23-book series of Apache Nation. By listing these examples, Alexie is putting emphasis on the books overall, instead of only giving one example which would have a less powerful effect on the reader. Enumeration also helps to merely provide the audience with more information, as he does on page 110, “We lived on a combination of irregular paychecks, hope, fear, and government surplus food.”
A language sample analysis (LSA) is a tool that generates the coding and transcriptions of a language sample to document the language used every day in various speaking situations (Miller, Andriacchi, & Nockerts, 2016). Language samples are typically 50-100 words in length and are voice-recorded and then transcribed by the clinician. Language samples are done using spontaneous speech, such as typical conversation, or narrative contexts, such as story or event recalls (Miller, Andriacchi, & Nockerts, 2016). The speech-language pathologist (SLP) will take the recording and write out, in the exact words of the child and clinician, every utterance (Bowen, 2011). The SLP will then "code" the sample.
Once on the LexisNexis site, there are numerous buttons that give a researcher different options to begin with such as Hot Topic Links - Today’s Front Page News or you can simply type in the word search box. Again, this word search selection will have an impact on the material that will result in but in doing so the results list was varied with no one entity outshining another. This particular results list appeared impartial in contrast to that of the Google or Internet Explorer search engines. There were numerous articles that covered a wide spectrum of authors and regions.
It needs to have an identity which is defined by a shared matrix of interest. The Community - In chasing their interest in their matrix, the members will engross each other in joint activities and discussions, help each other, and share information. The group will build relationships that enable them to learn from each other and they will care about their ranking with each other.
The excerpt from The Red Umbrella by Christina Diaz Gonzalez, and the excerpt from “A 'Band-Aid ' for 800 Children" by Eli Sastow, both portray the subject of family separation. The authors of these texts use similar and different techniques to show us family separation brings negative feelings to everyone affected by this. There are other things the texts have in common other than their subject. For example, both of the excerpts include figurative language.
Stephen King’s thrilling short story “Word Processor of the Gods” focuses on how technology can affect someone’s sanity. When given the chance to change their life, people take advantage of that and abuse it. Technology has taken over our lives and it could take our sanity if we let it. Some people are strong, but others are weak because they are full of envy. The dynamic character Richard was one of the weak ones because he was envious of his brother Roger.
Microsoft’s search engine Bing has heavy competition with Google’s search engine. Suppliers Microsoft has a supplier program that contains specific requirements that have to be met. Suppliers are evaluated against certain business objectives. Not every supplier that is recommended for the program is
・Describe what you did. This does not mean that you copy and paste from what you have posted or the assignments you have prepared. You need to describe what you did and how you did it. I read all lectures and understand the basic system of this class, it adopts because this is the first class, I should prepare for composing the program. I ・Describe
To that end, it has contracted and scanned much of the books from several universities and libraries and has been made available on their search engine. Because of copyright, the search project will remain far less than universal, fully accessible and searchable digital library of the world’s printed books. For the books that were published after 1922 and are subject to copyright, users will only be able to see a three-sentence snippet comprising of the search term and the sentence before and after that sentence. Even with those significant constraints for displaying unlicensed post-1922 books, Google’s book search engine is a highly useful research tool .