Natural Selection By: Matt Tiger Have you ever wondered what natural selection is? Natural selection is is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift. Natural selection was founded in 1859 by Charles Darwin, who defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation, of a trait, if useful, is preserved". Natural selections was discovered when Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands and he noticed slight variations that made tortoises from different islands distinct. He also observed from island to island the vast number of finches had slight differences. Darwin also noticed that they all seemed to resemble the main finch on the mainland of Equador. This observation
Natural selection, the process in which individuals that have certain inherited
He concluded that all the finches must have originated from one species in Ecuador, and that some must have flown to the islands. Some groups might have stayed on one island, and other groups on other islands. This is where the beaks mattered for the finches. Since each island had different sources of foods, the finches had to have specific beaks in order to get the food.
There are four key components to Darwin’s Concept of Natural Selection: Variation, Inheritance, high rate of population growth, and different reproductive successes. Variation exists throughout members of a population, and those who obtain the most prosperous traits (those best suited for their surroundings and circumstances) will survive the best and reduplicate more: that is the “survival of the fittest” (sexiest). Variation also affects the appearance and behavior of an organism. This could involve body size, markings, color, or even the number of offspring an organism could produce.
Even more so, a variation comes from an original trait that adapts to become a new trait. The reason certain species can or cannot do something is based on this idea of use or disuse of a variation to
House of finch females prefer more-intensely colored males-which happen to be older ones. Environment does play a role in effects of sexual selection in unpredictable ways (Allen.2014). Sexual selection is influenced by both development and adult environments and is also often assumed to be strong and consistent, yet increasing research shows it can fluctuate over a space and time (Gillespie, Miller, et al. 2014). Fluctuations in sexual selection overtime appear to be common (Siepielski et al.2011) in part because of environment context dependence of mate choice. Females are known to alter their mating decisions due to, for instance, predator pressure (Briggs, Godin.1996), the decision made by other females based on their own condition and developmental history (Clark et al.1997).
¬ The steps that are necessary in evolution by natural selection are variation, heritability, differential reproduction and lastly the prevalence of the traits. Variation is essential for natural selection because as variations of certain traits are selected for or against across generations, the population is set to evolve. An example of this would be mutation. Mutation is a change at the genetic level which means a change in the DNA.
There are a least 14 species of Darwin’s finches that have developed over millions of years. When Darwin encountered the finches on the Galapagos Islands he noticed the diversity of the Finches beaks and size compared to each other. In Figure 1 you can see this. The diet of nuts and berries that the finches had access to on the island is greatly related to the size and function of the finches beaks (Grant, 2003). The larger beaked birds fed off of hard shelled nuts, while the smaller beaked birds fed off of smaller seeds and nectar from plants.
Thinking further and associated his observations with all these theories, which made more sense. Darwin observed that there were thirteen types of finches and the only differences between them were their beaks and that they each were suitable for the type of food they ate. Also observed, traits from parents can be passed to their offspring. The organisms had more offspring that their environment could “handle”. He noticed that resources were running out and that caused competition between groups.
Since now we know lots about artificial selection, let 's hear a bit about natural selection also known better as, the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and
On the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin study different species. He observed that some of the same species differ from island to island. The Galapagos finches are one of the most important studies that he did in the Galapagos. He studied all sorts of different finches and concluded that each each bird had a different beak that were adaptations to different diets available among the islands.
Natural Selection is the long gradual process in which Biological traits either become more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. In Darwin’s work The Origin of Species he also mentioned evidence for the Theory of Evolution from his voyage around the world on The H.M.S. Beagle. The Origin of Species is probably the most influential work on evolutionary biology. The Origin of Species will help prove my thesis because it introduces the ideas that we base on evolutionary biology today.
It took some pressure off of him and gave him more time to observe the outstanding finches. He started describing them in his journal on how they look by their beak, feathers, shape/size, what they eat, and their environment. When he got back from the voyage, Darwin was so interested in these birds that he started questioning why they were the way they were. He noticed for each environment they had different adaptations. Darwin was determined to find out why and how they were different but the same.
This process is known as natural selection, which explains how Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution can occur. Natural selection is an important component of evolution. It occurs when some members of a population are better fit for survival and proliferation than others in that population. The environment in which organisms live plays a large part in natural selection as well.
ISHA NAIR 17060321124 EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT “Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations and relies on the process of natural selection”. It relies on the fact that there is a genetic variation in the population which affects the phenotype (physical characteristics) of an organism. It involves mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, thought and technology.
Three different sides will be discussed in this paper. First is the theory of natural selection, often called the survival of the fittest. Natural selection as quoted by the Merrium Webster Dictionary is, “a natural process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to their environment and that leads to the perpetuation of genetic qualities best suited to that particular environment.” For example there is a litter of cats. One of these cats is a lot faster than the other cats and is therefore able to get food easier.