I observed a Caucasian family of four that includes both a mother and father, a 2-year-old girl and a 4-month-old girl. I would describe this family as higher middle class with both parents having good jobs to support the family of four. When I did my observation of the family, they were in their home in a higher end neighborhood. During my observation I looked at different key components from class that I could relevant to the family such as the way that I observe the family, the different theories of development with behaviorism and social learning that is being displayed during my time with the family, also looking at their sleep schedules. That way that I decide to go about my observation is the naturalistic observation approach. Naturalistic observation a research …show more content…
Classical conditioning is forming associations between co-occurring and operant conditioning is rewards and punishment shape behavior. During my observation I witnessed operant conditioning and the reward side with potty training. There were a couple times I witnesses this and her getting the reward and also with her not getting the reward. Her mom explained to her that if she goes to the bathroom and really goes then she will receive a little candy or treat. One of the first times she went to the bathroom but didn 't go but when she was done asked for that treat or candy, but her mom did her mother duty and checked, and she really didn 't go and use the restroom, so she did not receive the treat which she didn 't understand why because she went to the bathroom. Just a little while later she used her little potty training potty and after both her mom and dad gave her verbal praise and she got to pick a treat out of the jar. I did a follow up with the family to see how the potty training is going and they explained that it is going very well and they are happy with the
This is an excellent example of observation-based research because
Operant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior
Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement
Setting The observation was conducted at the Panera Bread restaurant located in River Forest, Illinois at around 5:00 P.M. on Thursday on the 15th of September. When I arrived at the restaurant, I chose a seat close to the door so as to better observe people coming up to the counter to order. I looked around and did not see any children, the restaurant was mostly populated with college aged people and a few elderly folks. Approximately a half hour later, I observed a white, brunette female with a short ponytail, in her mid-thirties enter the restaurant with a girl of approximately five years of age with a similar brunette ponytail in tow.
Nevertheless, Skinner points out that children learn nothing from the punishment. Instead, they may start to work out how to avoid it (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Another concept is classical conditioning (classical behaviorism) that emphasizes on the relation between stimuli and response. This concept embodies in a famous experiment, in which the food is presented to the dog when the bell rings, and the bell becomes a conditioned stimulus for the dog (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Likewise, if children receive toys in the condition that they behave well, then they will probably repeat this behavior to get the toys.
Naturalistic Observation By:Jazzlyn Logelin MWF 12pm-12:50pm For our naturalistic observation we had been required to watch from afar how people react or do when they don’t know they’re being watched. I had decided to watch how many women/girls compared to men/boys go to the bathroom.
Observation “When dealing with children there is greater need for observing than of probing.” Maria Montessori Observation of the environment, the children and our own practice and feelings is at the heart of reflective practice. Observation requires a particular mindset and skill set. Observation of children Essential competencies and personal attributes necessary to observe children effectively are presented. These will include empathy and love of children, being non-judgemental and inclusive, knowledge of child development and understanding of the social context of children.
The three descriptive research methods that I will discuss are Naturalistic Observation, Survey, and Case Study. Naturalistic Observation is a research method in which people or animals are observed in their natural habitat without any controls or variables. This type of research method may be conducted if you want to see how people truly act without being watched. For example, this research method may be used to determine who are healthier shoppers, men or women? The researcher would go to a food store and take count throughout the day of how many men and women he finds in the fruit and vegetable isles, and how many he find in the snack isles.
Basically, operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment as the way of changes in behaviour or pattern permanently. Operant describes as voluntary response of living organism. The individual response is affected by the later consequences. In short, it is just an easy process of learning that tends to response more when the outcome is manipulated. Operant conditioning was found by Polish neurophysiologist Jerzy Konorsky.
Conclusion Operant conditioning is a theory which was developed by an American psychologist named B.F. Skinner. This theory has been known as a learning process. It applies to four different methods, that consists of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. In this case positive is seen as something being added and negative as something being taken away.
Introduction – Background information This paper is about child observation. I observed a child, Daniel (coded name). He is four years and two months old. Daniel is 103 cm and 18 kg.
At some point in our lives, we have learned by observing the behaviors of others. Observation can play a very important role in determining what and how we learn. It can have positive or negative effects on one 's development and behavior, especially in children. This is demonstrated in the social learning theory.
I’ve decided to use the Qualitative method for my research paper by observing three first grade students from one of the classes in the learning center that I’m currently working at. The students I’ve chosen to observe are 2 girls and 1 boy who are not only the same age but their English speaking ability are more or the less on the same level. During my first observation time, an interruption accrued in the class time when one the girls, M, insisted that she’s from Newzealand (because of her adoration for her previous NZ English teacher)while making her short speech when rest of the class all know that she’s from China. An argument broken out when S, another girl who’s also on my observation list, corrected M by saying that “no, you are from China.
Eventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. 2. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that
Classroom Observations Mrs. Canada is the first grade teacher that I observed, and the subject that she was teaching was reading. She had planned well-organized power points and crafting materials in advance, so she was prepared for the lesson. The two times I observed, the lesson that was being taught at both times was reading. Children in the classroom used a lot of previous knowledge for the lesson.