Needs analysis is one of the main issues for designing ESP courses, materials, tests or other evaluation tools (Prachanant, 2012). Needs analysis is defined as “the process of identifying and evaluating needs” of the particular group of people, or target population (Titcomb, 2000). Needs analysis also known as needs assessment. McCawley (2009) defined the needs assessment as the systematic study about “knowledge, ability, interest or attitude of a defined audience or group involving a particular subject (P.3).
The term “target population” is the same as “learners” called by Hutchinson and Waters (1987). The term “needs” generally means something required or wanted (Khan et al., 2011). However, in the field of ESP, “needs” refers to “learners’
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Necessities are what the learners have to know to perform in their target situation such as discourse, grammar and vocabulary that are always used in the particular situation. Lacks mean the gap between learners’ current proficiency and the necessities. In other words, lacks are what learners haven’t had to perform in their target situation. The last term in target needs “wants” means learners’ desire (Hutchinson & Waters, 1987; Titcomb, 2000).
To perform the analysis of target needs, which is called target situation needs analysis by Dudley-Evans and ST. Johm (1998), the researcher needs to address the questions as follow (Hutchinson & Waters,
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- Linguistic analysis, discourse analysis, genre analysis focus on knowledge of how language is used in target situation.
- Wants focus on the target population’s desire
- Means analysis focuses on the environment where the course is run.
To perform needs analysis for the particular group, the researcher has to understand the procedures of the needs analysis and pay attention to each of steps in order to render the valid and reliable research. McCawley (2009) argues six steps of needs analysis include:
- Write objective - what does the researcher want to learn from needs analysis?
- Select audience - who is the target population or group?
- Collect data – how will the researcher collect the data?
- Select audience samples – How will the researcher select the sample?
- Pick an instrument – What instrument and techniques will the researcher use for collecting data?
- Analyze data – How will the researcher analyze the data.
The data for needs analysis is commonly collected by questionnaires, interviews, observation, analysis of authentic texts, assessment, discussions and record keeping (Dudley-Evans & ST. John,
One is to “articulate the research problem and objectives”. Two is to “develop the overall research plan”. Three is to “collect the data or information”. Four is to “analyze the data or information”. Five is to “present or disseminate the findings”.
● Readiness of interviewee to provide the relevant information. ● Degree of clarity in interviewer’s mind about what the business requires of the target system. ● Report of the interviewer with the
Some of those needs are the need for love, physiological needs, and safety and security. In the book “Night” Elie tells us about his experiences and how the basic needs of life were not met, by depriving them of love,
Strengths Target corporation has a very strong brand recognition across the United States and Canada. The red and white bullet logo stands out and is the iconic symbol of Target. With such popularity, Target is expected to meet the needs of their customers and it is expressed through their marketing tactics, “expect more-pay less”. Their main shoppers are typically women aged in their early 40’s with children. With majority of their of shoppers being parents, customers require high quality products that still fit in their budget.
U6: Establishing audiences Quantitative: Quantitative research is a form of research where people are asked something with a simple answer that can be quantified afterwards to represent a larger group. This type of research has simpler answers (yes or no) than qualitative which has more complicated answer (such as a paragraph of text) that can not be quantified but tells a lot more information with 1 answer. Quantitative research is quicker and easier to gather result. Quantitative research can be used for things such as seeing how much of the population in the UK like corn flakes. They would do this by making a survey with a simple answers for the person being surveyed to choose from, the people doing the survey would be people chosen at random
1. What is the average debt for individuals 22-29? The average debt for individuals 22-29 is $16,120. 2.
children need a variety of resources available in order to consolidate what they are learning. Level of language development- children need access to mathematical concepts such as appropriate vocabulary. To give them the opportunity to talk about and or describe what they are doing.
Attachment Theory versus Maslow’s Theory JaLesa Byes University of Alaska Anchorage This developmental theories and parenting paper, I will examine my ideas for parenting tips using attachment theory and Maslow’s hierarchy. I will use both attachment theory and Maslow’s hierarchy to better understand my four key parenting tips: No hitting
Project feasibility is determined from the potential of the possible project for this company. A project should not be started unless the proper analysis procedures have been researched to determine if the project is feasible or not for the organization or company. Every aspect of the project must be researched in order to determine total feasibility. The Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Shopper program was projected to serve as a program that benefited loyal customers. This project is based on the daily account of every purchase that is made and tracked by custoemrs who sign up.
What is the average debt for individuals 22-29? -Average debt for 22 - 29 year olds: $16,120 2.Why is it important to think about "needs" and "wants"? What are the differences between these? -Needs: Home, Clothes, Food, Job, Transportation, Insurance, and Future Savings. Wants: Earrings, Brand new shoes vs Your Shoes Last year, Shopping at an expensive store vs using coupons or go to a resale clothing store.
2. Needs and wants of the demographic group: Upgraded technology that can offer a unique experience Compact and easily portable Two in one product 3. How the needs and wants of targeted group are reflected in the marketing mix: The marketing mix reflects the demographic group through the product’s discounted price, promotional bonus gift voucher, advertised as a student’s study tool, distributed by delivery and by personal means and by the products unique features that are wanted and needed by the targeted group.
The three descriptive research methods that I will discuss are Naturalistic Observation, Survey, and Case Study. Naturalistic Observation is a research method in which people or animals are observed in their natural habitat without any controls or variables. This type of research method may be conducted if you want to see how people truly act without being watched. For example, this research method may be used to determine who are healthier shoppers, men or women? The researcher would go to a food store and take count throughout the day of how many men and women he finds in the fruit and vegetable isles, and how many he find in the snack isles.
This involves systematically examining survival skills, abilities, knowledge, resources and desires that can be used in some way to help meet client goals (Saleebey, 1996). The helping process from initial contact, goal identification, assessment and intervention to evaluation has the underlying assumptions that human beings have the capacity for growth and change (Weick, 1992), knowledge about one 's situation (Early & GlenMaye, 2000), resilience (Garmezy, 1994) and membership (Walzer, 1983). The major focus in practice from the strengths approach is collaboration and partnership between social workers and clients. Other methods include environment modification and advocacy (Early & GlenMaye, 2000). Tim explained to the students that he “tell the folks what he can do and what he can’t”
The needs analysis is the starting point for setting up an employee training program. By determining the needs of the company, you will determine what specific knowledge, skills, and attributes are needed to improve the performance of the trainee in accordance with the company’s standards. The next step would be to create a detailed training outline covering all training program steps from start to finish. (Gary Dessler, 2008) This assists with the development of appropriate job descriptions and identifies the skills necessary to find the right people for the job or to train the existing
b) Analyze the potential implementation of the strategies into the