Carbohytochemical Analysis
Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant potential of bioactive extracts obtained from the roots of the Himalayan aromatic plant: Nepeta leucophylla
Sharma Ajay, Cannoo Damanjit Singh,
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal Sangrur (Pb)-148106
Email- sharmaajay9981@gmail.com, 13daman@gmail.com
Abstract: In the present study, the extraction techniques like maceration, ultrasound and soxhlet extraction were employed to obtain different extracts from the powdered roots of the Himalayan aromatic plant Nepeta leucophylla using the solvents of different polarity viz. methanol, chloroform and hexane and the percentage yield of the different extracts was compared. These extracts were screened for their total polyphenolic
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Qualitative analysis of phytochemical
The different root extracts were screened for the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, coumarins, diterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, liganins, polyphenols, proteins, resins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids using standard qualitative tests in order to establish their chemical profiles (Rizk, 1982; Sofowara, 1993; Kokate, 1994; Trease and Evans, 2002; Harborne, 2005; Kokate et al., 2009). The results of qualitative analysis of phytochemical were represented as + or -, which indicates the presence or absence of a particular SM in the extract.
2.6.1. UV-Visible spectra
UV-Visible spectra of standards and various extracts obtained by different extraction methods from roots of N. leucophylla were recorded with the help of UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan).
2.7. Antioxidant potential
The antioxidant potential of different root extracts was evaluated with the help of following four assays:
2.7.1. DPPH free radical scavenging
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The percentage yield varied from 0.9 to 8.07 % in different extracts obtained by different extraction techniques. The different methanol extracts showed higher percentage yield followed by different chloroform and hexane extracts. The reason for the better extraction efficiency of methanol extract as compared to chloroform and hexane extract is primarily due to the soluble nature of plant SMs (polyphenolics) in the polar solvents. The presence of polar solvent facilitates the solubility of SMs through penetration in plant cell structure (Kalia et al., 2008). Similar results were found in the solvent extraction of whole plant of Torilis leptophylla where, methanol extract gave a higher percentage yield as compared to chloroform and hexane extract (Saeed et al., 2012). The methanol extract obtained by SEM showed highest percentage yield (8.07 %) followed by MM (5.43 %) and UAEM (5.15 %). Overall, the SEM showed better results for a percentage yield followed by UAEM and MM. The extraction was carried out until the complete exhaustion of the plant material in case of SEM due to which it had overall higher percentage yield as compared to other methods. The present study showed that sonication of 1 h extracted out a considerable amount of SMs in comparison to soxhlet extraction of 8 h and maceration of 96 h. The improvement in
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