Pond fish culture system is one of the common agricultural techniques in the present. Pond fish culture also a profitable aquaculture practice like as Shrimp of giving foreign exchange. But anyway, it also depends on the culturing fish species (Akankali et al, 2011). According to the Edirisinghe (2009), Ponds are the aquatic water resources which are the sizes below 3ha (In an aspect of Sri Lanka). The water level of ponds also should be near to the ground level.
1.0 Introduction of Marine Community Seafood is any form of sea community regarded as food by humans. Seafood prominently includes fish and shellfish that include various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Historically, sea mammals such as whales and dolphins have been consumed as food, though that happens to a lesser extent in modern times. Edible sea plants, such as some seaweeds and microalgae, are widely eaten as seafood around the world, especially in Asia. In North America, although not generally in the United Kingdom, the term "seafood" is extended to fresh water organisms eaten by humans, so all edible aquatic life may be referred to as seafood.
Primary consumers are normally herbivores therefore they feed off of producers. There is a wide variety of herbivorous animals that reside in the Great Barrier Reef. These include invertebrates such as molluscs and echinoderms, as well as certain species of fish, the most notable being the parrotfishes, surgeonfishes, rabbitfishes, rudderfishes and damselfishes. The primary consumer’s role in the Great Barrier Reef’s food chain consists of them feeding off of the primary producers such as coral, therefore transferring the energy from the producer to consumer. The primary consumer only obtains around 10% of the producer’s energy as they may not eat the whole entity or energy might be lost through waste.
The cooked mass is then pressed in canvass or coir bags in screw presses to remove water. The resulting cake is then dried in sun. Waste product of fish are utilized for preparing food for poultry, pigs and cattle. It is particularly useful for chicken and other young animals as it contains amino acids, proteins in a readily digestable state. Fish meal can be stored in air tight sterilized containers for long period.
Algae is a plant which range from the microscopic(microalgae) to more than one hundred feet in length. Microalgae include cyanobacteria(blue-green algae) as well as green, brown and red algae. Algae grows in water resources such as brackish, sea and waste water unsuitable for cultivating agricultural crops. Most microalgae grow through photosynthesis which is by converting sunlight, CO2 and a few nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus ,into material known as biomass. This is called “autotrophic” growth.
Aquaculture producers are farming all kinds of freshwater and marine species of fish, shellfish, and plants, where fish are fed and cared for to ensure optimum health and product quality. Aquaculture produces food fish, sport fish, bait fish, ornamental fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae, sea vegetables, and fish eggs. (NOAA
Many villagers depend on crab for their livelihood sources. In 2013-2014, Bangladesh exported 7707 t of hard-shell live crabs to international markets and earned US$ 21.1 million, as compared to US$ 6.7 million in 2010-2011 .Crab is collected from the river and cultivated in a special process specially in salt water to make them as fat. Many brackish water in pond and shrimp ghers are used for crab fattening. Traditional method with no scientific input of crab fattening in earthen pond started since 1993. Technologies of upgrading traditional method of earthen pond culture and cage culture of mud crab have been developed during the year 2003-2004.
According to world wildlife organisation, overfishing occurs when more fish are caught than the population can replace through natural reproduction. Gathering as many fish as possible may seem like a profitable practice, but overfishing has serious consequences. The results may not only affect the balance of life in the oceans, but also the social and economic well-being of the coastal communities who depend on fish for their way of life. According to the research world wildlife organisation, 1.6% of the world’s oceans have been declared as marine protected areas (MPAS), and 90% of existing MPAS are open to fishing. MPAS are important because they protect habitats such as coral reefs from destructive fishing practices.
Many people do not realize it, but coral reefs provide millions of jobs to people through two big industries; fishing and tourism. “In one estimate, the total net benefit per year of the world’s coral reefs is $29.8 billion, fisheries accounting for for $5.7 billion,” says The Reef Resilience Network. (#7 ) Healthy coral ecosystems provide a steady fishing industry, at or around the reef. Fishermen use their _ as a source of food or sale, but many coral reefs are overfished to the point of having no fish in the ecosystem chain. This results in the change of an ecosystem, which causes corals to have harmful effects, and even end up bleaching.
The fish waste consumed by plants is pumped to a bio channel framework as a supplement answer for developing the plants (develop bed). The main outside contribution to the framework is sustenance for the fish. Both frameworks supplement each different as a solitary unit, not as independent units.