Cause And Effects Of Bullying In Schools

Bullying continues to be a serious problem in schools. In schools, bullying occurs in nearly any part in or around the school premises. School bullying at most consists of a group of students abusing or isolating one or more students, particularly for gaining respect and dominance over others and bystanders who, in some cases want to avoid becoming the next victim. This is a very broad issue that affects high school students in three imperative parts of their lives; psychologically, educationally, and professionally. (Rigby & Smith 2011).

The negative practices of bullying include intentionally or unintentionally causes damage to, bothers another person, verbal abuse (threats, scorn, offensive words, and nicknames), physical abuse (beating,

For example, children who do not feel loved and/or feel over controlled by parents in a dysfunctional family life can lead them acting aggressively at school (Rigby, 1994).

Many studies have been conducted researching who is most at risk to become a bully. According to Pontzer (2009), parental anger, domestic violence, lack of confidence, feelings of shame and displacement, poor role modeling, poor attachment, child maltreatment and poor peer relations were found to be the most common contributors in bullying behavior.

Internal psychological processes with strong attention being paid to emotions and cognitions are primarily focused on Freud 's psychodynamic and ego psychology which can be applied to many theories of bullying including defense mechanisms, anxiety, and other possible internal conflicts causing individuals to act with heightened levels of aggression (Hutchinson, 2011).

It has also been widely discussed in (Olthof & Goossens, 2007) that children 's bullying behavior is heavily influenced by their intense desire to be accepted by their peers; primarily other bullies. This motivates them to behave in specific ways in order to elicit the bullies’

However, this theory can also be applied in school bullying to illuminate the role humiliation plays in the outcomes of victims and bully / victims, as well as to illustrate how bullying prevents the formation of a peaceful and cohesive school environment. Humiliation involves putting down and holding down (Lindner’s, 2006, p.11) and has such intense power that it is considered “ the nuclear bomb of the emotions ” . With the emergence of human rights and the recognition that all persons5 become morally and ethically wrong (Lindner, 2001b). Humiliation is generated from social interactions and relationship dynamic such as bullying. According to 2011 study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) among middle school students who are victims of bullying were 6.6 times more likely to report seriously considering suicide compared to youth who were not bully victims and/or who did not bully (Underwood, Rishscott & Springer, 2011). School bullying may lead to suicidal actions of bully victims. Additionally, reporting mental problems that may stem from bullying such as anxiety, depression, and suicidality concluded that bullying is becoming more prevalent. With the increasing various methods of bullying existing today, it is harder to control and to Protect the victims. Lifelong psychological effects had been an effect of bullying that may require therapy in order to