Describe New Historicism and its application to Literature. How, for instance, might one apply New Historicism to Elizabeth Bowen’s “The Demon Lover”? New Historicism marks a critical moment in literary and cultural theory. The New Historicist discourse of literary investigation has broken down the boundaries of what is deemed acceptable in literary analysis; its essential premise focuses on how a literary text reveals the dominant ideologies of a society from a specific era in history. This essay will describe New Historicism and apply it to the short story, “The Demon Lover”, by Elizabeth Bowen. It will begin by exploring the different facets of New Historicism. Then, it will examine an issue that may arise in the New Historicist approach …show more content…
In “The Demon Lover”, Mrs Dover has returned to her house in London following the blitz. There is a sense of apprehension that permeates throughout the entire story. After Mrs Dover reads an anonymous letter, she moves around the house in dreaded anticipation, as she believes, “it was possible that she was not alone now. She might be being waited for downstairs. Waited — until when? Until ‘the hour arranged’. At least that was not six o’clock: six has struck. She rose from the chair and went over and locked the door. The thing was, to get out. To fly? No, not that: she had to catch a train” (97). Bowen depicts the mental collapse of Mrs Dover, as fear and uncertainty override and her sanity. It is difficult for the reader to discern whether Mrs Dover has completely lost her mind or not. Arguably, Bowen is also depicting the socio-political unrest and insecurity in London society. In London Was Ours Diaries and Memoirs of the London Blitz, Amy Helen Bell incorporates diary exerts from people living in London during the blitz. Nigel Farson records the London landscape from 1941, he
In both “The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne and “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller, there is an overarching motif of sin and the effects that sin has on the characters and the prose itself. Throughout both pieces of literature, the effects of sin are a large driving force that both progress and enhance the plot. In order to attain a deeper insight of the role of sin in both pieces of literature, it is necessary for the reader to not only look at the sins of the characters, but also look at the background and context of both prose, the treatment of the characters due to their sins, and the overall character development throughout the story. While the focal point of this essay will be to compare and contrast the role of sin in both prose, it is necessary to first look at the backgrounds and
Monsters that resemble familial bodies receive our attention through appearing as a construct of both, the understood and unthinkable, commanding to be seen. This existence demands the participation of the audience to define and categorise what it is to be normal, suggesting that the image of the monster is never fixed; constantly evolving through interpretation. When considering the monstrous within the Middle Ages, this is best represented in the depiction of the Sheela-na-gig that exist today often eroded or decayed due to the excess of human touch. The utmost importance of this source is that it reveals an audience desired contact and domestication of the obscene which may or may not have occurred in the medieval period. When scholars interpret the Sheela-na-gig to be representative of the offensive, analysis is thus partly superficial as it deals with investing their own narrative within an imperfect material.
In 1945 Elizabeth Bowen published her short story “The Demon Lover”, in which the main character, Kathleen Drover, returns to her war torn home in London during the midst of World War II and finds a letter supposedly from her ex fiancé who has been presumed dead for 25 years. The story ends with the main characters abduction, presumably by her ex fiancé. Since its publication, “The Demon Lover” has been subject to much debate over the meaning of the events in the story. In his article “Psychosis or Seduction” Daniel V. Fraustino attempts to refute Douglas A. Hughes’s claim that the events in the story are hallucinations, the result of Mrs. Drover having a mental breakdown (Fraustino 483). Instead, Fraustino argues for a much more literal interpretation of the story, calling it “a mystery of high suspense” (483).
Ambiguity or fallacy of ambiguity is a word, phrase or statement, which contains more than one meaning. Ambiguity is usually a technique used in a text to generate confusion for the reader. For instance, " The Demon Lover” by Elizabeth Bowen is a short narrative that shows this previous characteristic, since it can be interpreted in several ways such as: it is a ghost story or it's simply about a mentally unstable protagonist ( Kathleen). Personally I believe it is just a story about a mentally unstable woman for reasons such as : trauma for having her husband lost and presumably dead, trauma for the war and several other descriptions in the text. It is important to state that losing a loved one, especially the person you share your life with, is a much dramatic if not traumatic event.
but always returning to it as an important part of everything that happens in history. When she is introducing in the history has a very dark past that takes us to know part of it's her life in the university and at the time of its also honeymoon. being in a moment of the history a woman who does not stop for anything or anyone. which is layers of drag to everything that is in its passage. Ōtsu, that during his years of university, he meets a young man with whom he has an adventure and he has an affair.
In Erik Larson’s novel The Devil in the White City takes place during the Gilded Age. During this period of time everything appears good and golden on the outside when in reality everything was full of corruption. In the novel, the author takes the reader to the city of Chicago, where the city is “swelled “in population causing the city to expand in all “available directions” (Larson 44). As Chicago became the “second most populous [city] in the nation after New York” there was an urge that city show off to the world and the nation of how great it was through the Chicago World’s Fair (Larson 44).
Sexist Young Goodman Brown In reading this classic tale from 1853 which was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, I became intrigued first by the theme of the 1800’s with shadowy undertones of biblical evilness. Although, in reviewing the story further I noticed a certain distinctive trends of old world flare that was unmistakable. These tones are of sexism which sadly marked the time period historically to such extent in which the structured confinements of gender responsibilities. Hawthorne orchestrates the underpinning of chauvinism within the very first paragraph “put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young wife.
Historical criticism strives to cognize a literary work by examining the social, cultural, and intellectual context that essentially includes the artist’s biography and milieu. Historical critics are more concerned with guiding readers through the use of identical connotation rather than analyzing the work’s literary significance. (Brizee and Tompkins). The journey of a historical reading begins with the assessment of how the meaning of a text has altered over time. In many cases, when the historical context of a text is not fully comprehended, the work literature cannot be accurately interpreted.
Society is an ever evolving element of life, and as society has changed over the years, so has works by authors and directors. As authors and directors gain influence from inspiring sources, they are also gaining influences from the surrounding culture and the time period that they are living in. This may even be subconsciously. New historicism is the theory that explains this and specifically focuses on just how the time period of a work changes and shows how an author's experiences come to life through a work. In Walt Disney’s, Cinderella, the time period glamorizes Cinderella’s journey to happiness while the Grimm Brothers version connects more with reality, teaching that media evolves to what society wants to see.
Anne Frank’s Character Development Throughout the War Throughout World War II Anne Frank was kept hidden away in a 500 square foot building they came to call the Secret Annexe. Anne Frank, her family, and the Van Daans endured difficult times of hunger, thirst, and lack of privacy cornered by walls for over two years. Anne confided her observations and feelings of the hard times within her diary she named Kitty. By writing in her diary both before and after the war, one could visibly notice how Anne went into the Annexe as a juvenile and came out as a young adult.
It might surprise readers to know that, by the use of this lens, traces of these subjects can be found in almost any work despite the original nature and intent of the tale. A prime example demonstrating the power of the Marxist lens can be seen when the lens is applied to Kate Chopin’s short story, “The Story of an Hour”. This short conte depicts the brief sentiment of freedom felt by the fictitious character Mrs. Mallard as she learns that her husband has been killed in a railroad accident. However, her blissful reverie is put to death by death itself when her husband, alive and well, walks through the doors of their home to meet her. On the surface, this would appear to be a tale void of social, political, or economic association; how could such logical themes develop in such an emotional tale?
The different techniques to explore literary works all lead to new meanings behind the same piece. In Ursula LeGuin’s short story “She Unnames Them,” a Formalistic analytical approach can be taken to find a deeper meaning within the text. By examining the different elements within the text instead of trying to understand the outside influences on the author, the characters, plot, and setting all transform into vital parts of telling her message. The theme that LeGuin is now able to express is that a person’s or thing’s importance does not lie in its name, rather what they do with themselves is their defining features. Through developing her characters in a unique way, LeGuin is able to best lead the reader to find the central message in her
The two critical theories studied this week, new historicism and cultural criticism, share many of the same concepts. Both theories are under the belief that history and culture are complex and that there is no way for us to fully understand these subjects because we are influenced by our subjective beliefs. Also, both theories believe that people are restricted by the limits society sets, and that people and these limits cause friction and struggle. Furthermore, both of these theories share from some of the same influences such as from the French philosopher Michel Foucault. New historicist believe that the writing of history is merely an interpretation, not an absolute fact, other than the big facts we know such as who was president at the time or who won a certain battle.
‘A Natural History of The Senses’ by Diane Ackerman allows the readers truly appreciate the sense smell. Ackerman goes throughout history, scientific evidence and different colorations on varying aspects of smell. She therefore allows the readers believe in smell as though it was a touchable sensation. She also allows the readers to creatively visualize memories, ideas and so forth. Ackerman allows the readers to think more in depth with how smell can be used in the daily lifestyle.
The Scarlet Letter, a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850, functions as an evaluation of Puritan ideas, customs, and culture during the 17th century. Through this evaluation, we can get a good idea of what core values and beliefs the Puritans possessed, as well as the actions they take in cases of adversity brought about by “sinners”. Some Puritan virtues created stark divisions between groups of people, some of which led to discrimination under certain circumstances. One of the most prominent of these is the treatment and standards of men and women, a concept that surfaced during some of the major points in The Scarlet Letter. The divisions that were created by Puritan standards of men and women played a great role in shaping the plot of The Scarlet Letter, determining the fate of many of the characters.