Nicotine Synthesis Essay

1) Percentage yield experiment: First we measured 20cm3 of sulphuric acid into a beaker using a measuring cylinder, this will help us determine the percentage yield at the end of the experiment. We then heated the beaker containing the sulphuric acid using a Bunsen burner in order to heat it up for the copper oxide to mix with. We then weighed out 1.02g of copper oxide and added it to the acid and stirred it whilst doing so, we did that until the liquid turned blue, this proves that the chemicals have mixed together. We then weighed this liquid which will help us determine the percentage yield. We then filtered the liquid off which gave us the amount we obtained.

The streaking technique used was a modified streaking for isolation with a heavy quadrant one. The result revealed that bacteria is alpha, with an incomplete breakdown of the medium with a susceptibility of 17mm from the bacitracin gamma hemolysis. That is why the organism represented by the bar graph was in low numbers because it was incomplete. The other test was DNase agar, it is an enzyme test used to identify if the organism has the enzyme DNA. The streaking technique is a single straight line down the middle of the plate.

Auge says that “supermodernity produces non-places”; people inhabit in industrial world behind “plastic and glass” buildings which are “bland and sterile” or in other words, non-places are places that have no closeness or human interaction. Some non-places in our society are leisure places such as shopping malls, or transportation areas such as airports or train stations.

II. METHODOLOGY In order to perform this experiment, the students will need a distillation set-up with a connector receiver, an iron ring and stand, a Bunsen burner, a wire gauze, a 250mL round bottom flask, a graduated cylinder, a thermometer, one or two boiling chips, an alcoholic beverage, masking tape, an ice bath, a stirring rod, and, optionally, food coloring. It is imporatnt to avoid playing with the apparatus and equipment so as to avoid breakage and injuries, especially since fire is being dealt with in this experiment. After gathering all of the materials, the experiment can begin. Prepare the distillation set-up similarly to Figure 1[2] and make sure that all of the appropriate areas are secured together with masking tape.

Meth does a lot of damage to your body, for example a destructive lifestyle, poor hygiene, sugary food and drinks, and lack of sleep. How meth can give you a destructive lifestyle is it starts with an “up” and is followed by an unpleasant “down” which can be avoided by taking more of the drug. The longer the “up” is maintained, the worse the “down” feels, and the harder the addict will go to take the drug just so they can keep their high. Meth gives you poor hygiene because it will eventually give you periodontal disease and you will start to develop plaque on your teeth and gum line. Now how sugary foods and drinks damages your body is once you have so much plaque built up it will soon cause tooth decay because of the amount of acid those sugary food and drinks have in them.

Now we have much worse things like cars that leave of smog and gases like carbon monoxide and all those other gases that are led of from everywhere. They ruin our natural wonders, cause global warming and make the earth look so dirty. These gases cause deaths from premature birth, lung cancer, heart attacks, to asthma attacks. In an article by LA Times it states that, ¨Bakersfield tops the list for having the most unhealthy days from airborne particles spewed by highway traffic, diesel trucks, farm equipment and fireplaces, the American Lung Assn. 's State of the Air 2016 report says.¨ This here is a city that is over polluted because of technological issues.

(Schlegel & Pardee, 1986) Furthermore, their research suggests that a process, called indirect immunofluorescence, was able to produce phosphoproteins. DNA replication was also said to have stopped in the synthesis phase cells before caffeine had the ability to start premature chromosome condensation. Pardee and Schlegel further explained how caffeine has the ability to reverse the restricting of DNA synthesis, in which results from the research with two drugs called hydroxyurea and aphidicolin. They used these two drugs to relate to the essentialness of DNA synthesis inhibition to premature chromosome condensation. (Schlegel & Pardee, 1986) In

The Black Death was three detrimental plagues that began in Mongolia, then swept across the Europe in the 1300’s, being the result of great famines that weakened Europe’s people. The plague was carried by fleas that were carried on rats, making colonists, and the poor more susceptible to the disease. It changed society by not only diminishing the population but also made the people skeptical of the Jews as if it was their doings. What made the plague so significant was how it wasn’t just amongst the poor; royalty, priests, armies, and the poor were all dying. Giovanni Boccaccio witnessed the plague from the city of Florence in Italy, and how it was a “deadly pestilence” (Plague, from the Decameron) He saw how the healthy completely deserted the infected and would live in houses only for the healthy.

The dust bowl made food way overpriced and rare to find fresh crops. For example “for a $2 a bushel to 4$ the crops skyrocketed”. ( ken burns ). I pick this quote because it ruined the economy because every crop is higher because there isn't a lot of good crops they were all ruined. The dust bowl and the great depression made land really cheap.The dust bowl made the land drop 5$ an Acre the dust bowl made everything drop and the great depression.

Processed foods and beverages are the biggest sources of added sugar (and High fructose) in the diet. Sugar is very unhealthy and can have serious adverse effects on metabolism when consumed in excess. Sugar contains a lot of calories, with no essential nutrients. It also causes tooth decay by feeding the harmful bacteria in the mouth. For people who are inactive and eat a processed food, large amounts of fructose from added sugars get turned into fat in the liver.

The sodium sulphate was then filtered and discarded. 10. The solution was then placed under the fume hood for the chloroform to evaporate. 11. Methanol was filled in a test tube and placed into a water bath to heat up.

Meaning if the extract inhibits cilia, the affects for the human functioning airways would become weak due to cilia being the one that helps move the airway surface fluids and mucus. Providing continuous cleansing of the airway surface, which is a vital defense against inhaled particles. Materials and Methods a. experimental design: To begin the experiment we made two groups one called the control group and one called the experimental group with tobacco. For the control group we added a mixture of 20 microliters of tetrahymena, 1% India ink and 1% of glutaraldehyde to a microscope slide to create the control group . In the experimental tobacco group we added the same amount of substances only difference was 50 microliters of tobacco extract was added to the mixture.

Favism is a disorder. It’s caused by a lack of G6PD, and the lack of G6PD causes free radicals to roam free in your red blood cells, and therefore breaking them down and causing havoc in your blood. Unchecked, this could be a fatal problem. For example, primaquine, a medicine that helped regulate malaria, was deadly/ destructive to the healths of the people who had favism. That is because primaquine puts stress on your blood cells in order to make your blood a malaria-hostile area.