RESOURCE CURSE: OIL VIOLENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION A CASE STUDY OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION JOHN SAMUEL KIM Master of Arts in International Studies (International Development and Cooperation) GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES JOHNSON UNIVERSITY 2015 Abstract This research work examines the oil-violence linkage in the Niger Delta region and also takes into account various factors that have triggered the crisis. The case study narrates increased violence within the region from the mid-1990s, outlining various factors such as environmental degradation, unemployment and hostage taking. The presence of oil in the Niger Delta region has indirectly boosted the risk of violent conflicts through a further distortion of national economy. …show more content…
This causal mechanism thought to be in charge of this connection incorporate, from one perspective, the way that natural resources can be the rationale in brutal clashes. As per their study, a nation that has no natural resources confronts a likelihood of civil clash of 0.5%, while a nation with natural resources to GDP offer of 26% confronts a likelihood of 23%. This implies that some piece of the populace (Niger Deltans for this situation) may feel that they are denied of the money related advantages of the resource incomes while additionally potentially experiencing the natural and social effects of the creation, for example, environmental debasement (rationale of grievance) or that resource wealth can be the objective of a few gatherings who wish to take ownership of the resource incomes (thought process of eagerness) (Collier and Hoeffler 2001). The resource curse thesis further explains the connection between natural resources and rough clashes (Collier/Hoeffler 2001; Le Billon 2001; de Soysa 2000). The focal hypothesis is that resource dependent nations are more inclined to encounter interior precariousness and brutal clashes than non-resource nations. Then again, resource incomes can serve as an impetus for fierce clashes by financing the radical gatherings and different on-screen characters included (open door/practicality) and along these lines drawing out the contention (Collier/Hoeffler 2004). This explains …show more content…
Covering around 1,000 km2 in Rivers State, southern Nigeria, Ogoniland has been the site of oil industry operations since the late 1950s. With the review directed at the solicitation of the Federal Government of Nigeria, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) uncovers the nature and degree of oil pollution in Ogoniland. This report speaks to the best accessible comprehension of what has happened to the environment of Ogoniland – and the relating ramifications for influenced
What starts with a devastating oil crisis ends in absolute turmoil as
The environment is suffering days after days, there will a point where the green house won’t take it anymore and the earth will meltdown. The oil refineries are the main contributors to this issue, since they are the ones who produce the
Protestors do not have to have wealth or a high class status, instead they need to fight for a cause the same cause. This idea proves that “the rich and the poor are mutually dependent on each other” (Young
He demonstrates the people in power using both these groups as puppets to keep them fighting with each other, as opposed to fighting the real enemy, the people in power. This is a distraction from what is really going on but as
The fighting is caused by the lack of resources, but if the resources were not lacking and instead were used so that all people had access to the supplies less fighting would occur. For example, after not using the supplies resourcefully following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the government learned that they must “...encourage and ultimately require State and local governments to pre-contract for resources and commodities that will be critical for responding to all hazards” (“The Federal Response” par 5). The planned use of the resources ensures that the people will have what is essential at the correct time. This could ultimately fix the fight for scarce resources because the existing need for them is mitigated.
Protesters strive to balance the wealth gap and prevent huge corporations from gaining excessive political
The implications of stopping the use of child labour in the cocoa industry in Cote d'Ivoire spread far and wide, affecting the government, cocoa farmers, chocolate companies and children themselves. The UN's Food & Agriculture Organisation states that more than a third of the world’s cocoa is supplied by Cote d'Ivoire. Cocoa is the country's largest export, earning around 2.5 billion dollars in 2010. According to a report by Tulane University that investigated the 2013, 2014 harvest season, there were around 1,203,473 child laborers aged 5 to 17 in the cocoa industry, of which 95.9% were engaged in hazardous work. Stopping child labour in Côte d'Ivoire will improve children's education & health levels.
Ever since the Oil rush, there has been an increase in violence because the population is so
The conflict standpoint is based on the idea that the society is comprised of various different groups who are in constant friction with one another for the access of scarce and valuable resources; these may include wealth, fame, power, or the authority to apply one’s own value system onto the general society. The conflict theorists argue that a conflict exists in the society when a group of people who believe that their interests are not being met, or that they are not getting a fair share of the society’s resources, work to counter what they perceive as a handicap or a
Imagine if you were old enough to vote but still had the education levels of American kindergartner. For the women of Sudan and South Sudan this is a reality. The women are forced to play 1950’s housewife while the men develop their minds and command the household. Due to the lack of resources and the number of economical problems in Sudan and South Sudan, the women in these countries are unable to receive education and improve the lives of the future generations. Sudan has been a source of conflict and violence in an already unstable area of the world since the twentieth century.
As time passes, the importance of environmental considerations is increasing more and more in the society. For projects like these, ExxonMobil must realize that they are affecting the ecosystem, air, biodiversity, human population, fodder, forests, agriculture etc. and this means a lot to Chad and
Throughout the ages, many nations have been known to do whatever it takes to sustain a valuable supply of resources. For this reason, however the exploitation of resources by countries using unfair means is an enduring issue for many groups of people. Exploitation of resources is when the government or outside forces take advantage of a nation’s resources. This issue is significant because it causes civil conflict and war, can impact people of nations terribly, and can destroy industry. Problems created by exploitation of resources can be seen in examples from Sierra Leone, the Congo and British India.
The toxic chemicals released from extraction were poisoning clean water sources. This lead to increasing cases of cancer, hyperthyroidism, lupus, and renal failure in people located in areas near the present pipeline. These effects clearly show the vast hazard this oil presents for the environment and society. In conclusion, as stated and proven throughout this essay, the Keystone pipeline creates many environmental issues.
To conclude my sociological analyzation of the movie Mean girls, conflict theory helped me describe why certain events happened and give me a better example of how it is very common in our society today. As we seen in the movie, people will always be characterized or put into a category of a certain group based on your social class, cultural background, etc. Whether you like it or not power is described as who has the most money and most power over the lower class. Anyone being oppressed will feel the need to bounce back and rebel against the people bringing them down, and this is how Karl Marx explained society and the structure of it through the Conflict
This documentary is a prime example of global inequality and showing people that it really does exists. There are three theoretical approaches that explains global inequality and they are structural functionalism, symbolic interaction, and conflict theory. Conflict