OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY SINCE INDEPENDENCE
The Nigerian foreign policy, since her independence, has attributed a lot to the unstable federal balance between three ethnically and politically divided federal states and in order to address this issue the political leadership sought to project Nigeria's external objectives into a wider pan-Africanist framework.
This has been the motivating force of the pre-independence nationalist movement and was for that reason a major influence in the political leadership's philosophical views and socio-political experience. The Nigerian leadership declared a foreign policy that made a close commitment to the more abstract, and less internally sensitive, continental whole, to
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Nigerian foreign policy-makers have consistently worked to ensure that irredentist and secessionist forces in Africa were contained within the existing territorial boundaries of post-independence Africa. To this end, Nigeria's political leaders played an active role in negotiating the pan-African alliance that became the Organization of African Unity (OAU) now known as the African Union.
In contrast to the more radical leaders of the time, Nigeria required an alliance that would protect the territorial integrity of these fragile states and provide at least a diplomatic weapon against any attempts from within or outside the region to alter the status quo by means of wars of aggression or
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Through the cumulative process of diplomatic and political precedent, this notion of Nigeria the 'honest-broker' in African politics has become virtually inseparable from Nigeria the 'continental leader’.
Of fundamental significance in the pursuit of Nigerian foreign policy objectives, after the civil war, was the consolidation of a regional support base. The significance of this fact was underscored by the Nigerian suspicion of "neo-colonialist complicity" in seeking to undermine the allegiance of Nigeria's neighbors and, thereby, Nigerian national sovereignty.
Apparently, Nigerian attitudes to regional interaction were influenced by the perceived need for Nigeria to re-establish its credibility within the continental system; and the projected entry of Britain, Nigeria's principal trading partner into the EEC, an event perceived as constituting some disadvantage for Nigerian economic development, in the loss of trading preference and benefits previously extended to Nigeria by
European contact with sub-Saharan Africa around the 1500’s was not mutually beneficial because they had different needs. The economic exchanges and political relationships were based off of European’s relations with the Upper class of Africa, however not the majority of Africa. Due to the massive expansion of Europe, they wanted to continue to grow, and the only way to do that was to open trading ports all around the world. In the end, Europe benefited from trading with Africa and they are the ones who ended up
exchanges in money. All shops that can help transaction will have a sign posted on the front entrance of their store. Foreign policy-Countries with high trade interest will be sent negotiation documents. Countries in compliance will be allowed to trade with the citizens and government of M&M. Allies will formed with countries that can be trusted, and have similar morales. Countries that can't be trusted should be avoided.
Based on the documents provided, it can be argued that the Europeans were unwelcome and sparked a great disturbance among the African people during new imperialism period all across Africa based on the following perspectives from documents 4 and 9 which demonstrate brutal violence towards Africans, documents 6 and 7 which call for help to remove the presence of the Europeans, and documents 2 and 3 represent how these Africans state wish to avoid being under European power. Throughout the history of European colonization, there is evidence that the Europeans have disrupted and separated majority of the African continent. Based on the documents provided, each document individually states their own problems with the European occupying African
In a letter to the future President of the United States, Michael Pollan acknowledges the troublesome in food in our society. The future President campaigned on many things, including healthcare and energy. Food is also a main topic that is campaigned. The way that the food industry is currently set up in America is more than corrupt. Their goal is to feed the nation as cheaply as possible.
The foreign policy has existed several years before president Eisenhower, was to become the Thirty fourth president of the united states. It started with the thirty-third President Harry Truman and his goal was to contain communism in the world, to do so he created the containment policy when he was in office. After president Truman left office President Eisenhower came into office with a great intention to help the people of the world as well as the people of the united states. Due to Eisenhower experience in the military, it caused him to be extremely involved in foreign affairs. He was known for his military strength and experience, and this was something that gained him much fame and attention.
According to A Denunciation of European Imperialism, spoken by Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1949, he sees the idea of imperialism as a crime against humanity, because it enables any part of the human race which is armed with modern scientific knowledge to rule less fortunate sections of mankind, because the weaker force is unable to resist rule( Document 8). As Azikiwe explains, Imperialism is a crime against humanity that enables the less fortunate people to be ruled without their consent by the people with more power. This demonstrates that imperialism was harmful because it states how imperialism was such a demanding force and how it left many Africans with no power over their countries and themselves. In the Golden Coast Leader, The Editorial Notes state, Indirect rule is a system by which an alien government is enabled to place a Native state in the hollow of its hands and in such a way that it has only to pull wires to start a chief and his people dancing to its piping( Document 10). The Editorial Notes point out that many of the African leaders and Chiefs were being controlled by European political officers.
Defense, known as resisting attack, combined with foreign, a country other than its own country, equals out to be the defense for your own country for its good against opposing foreign countries. During the time period of 1789 through 1825, the United States extended foreign policy as a method of defense and protection from perceived or actual threats of the almighty Europe. During the late 1700’s while Washington was President, he ordered for a foreign policy of Neutrality; neutrality meaning maintaining unharmful relations with both France and Britain. As the idea of protection and defense of America was continued to be kept in mind by our federal government, by the early 1800’s the Monroe Doctrine was eventually formed to avoid any interferences by Europe and their contagious conflicts, preventing our land to ever
At this conference, President Sukarno requested that the people, spiritual, moral, and political power of Africa and Asia band together as countries interested in preserving peace, to stand up against other continents
Although African reaction to the presence of external actors could, in some cases, be appropriately described as defiant, resistance did not exclusively define African attitudes toward the outside. The capacity and willingness to collaborate with European influences lends credence to the re-interpretation of Africa as an entity with agency, just as European states have typically been understood. African political units were just like other political entities throughout history in that they employed strategies according to their domestic and foreign policy interests. Following elementary diplomatic logic, African political units would collaborate with European powers where it was conducive to their interests and goals.
So Europe invaded Africa, took possession of Africa, and divided Africa into colonies of Europe. The period of invasion, lasting some twenty years, was more or less completed by 1900. There followed a longer period, between sixty and ninety years, of direct European rule, called colonial rule. This was a time of profound upheaval for all of Africa’s peoples. It brought irreversible changes” (4).
In the race of European imperialism, European countries dominated innocent African colonies. The driving force behind this? Africa’s bountiful resources. Before Africa’s colonization, the European presence in Africa was extremely limited, mainly due to lack of exploration and diseases (Background Essay). However, this changed as European prominence became largely influential through the discovery of Africa’s resource rich lands.
During the period of imperialism in Africa all of the countries were competing for the title of being the richest and the strongest. In fact, the whole scramble for Africa was an opportunity for countries to enhance their overall economy. For example, King Leopold II of Belgium was determined to get the area of land so he can become more wealthy. France’s politicians thought that an overseas company would strengthen the country when it came to wealth, prestige, and power, so as a result they invested in land more toward the west and north-west. Britain wanted to protect their trading routes which required them to purchase land in East Africa, and they they soon discovered the rewards of the land so the were determined to obtain as much as possible.
The rate of poverty and homelessness created a need for more economic opportunities. Colonies provided a chance for work and prosperity(Iweriebor, “The colonization of Africa”). Europeans lied to the Africans and made them sign what the Africans thought were peace treaties. Proverbs were among the many popular folkloric forms. Nigeria’s diverse past traditions provide many culture ideas(Gall, Hobby, “nigeria”).
Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a very dense novel that focuses on the development of the main character and the supporting characters which could be defined as Bildungsroman. The narrator, Kambili, takes a reader through the psychology of the characters and explores them in different ways. At the beginning, we are exposed to the family that has a patriarchal figure as a father and a husband who is the perpetrator of domestic violence. Yet he is a role model and a remarkable figure to the public. The novel penetrates deep through various forms of violence which are coercive, discursive and domestic and are the ones that separate families, communities and the Nigerian nation as a whole.
Third parties can involve also international organisations and nongovernmental organisations (NGO). For example, the Organisation of African States (OAS) acted as a mediator in the Algerian-Moroccan border conflict of Western Sahara,