ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM AND LEAD CONTENTS IN TISSUES OF TILAPIA AND CAT FISH SPECIES SOLD IN NSUKKA, NIGERIA Abstract The levels of cadmium and lead in the tissues of dried Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus fish sold in Nsukka were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The study revealed mean Cd levels of 0.0015 and 0.0024µgg-1 for bones, gills and flesh respectively with a grand mean level of 0.0018µgg-1 in dried Clarias gariepinus. The average Pb concentrations of 0.0384, 0.0752 and 0.0299 µgg-1 for bones, gills and flesh respectively of the same dried Clarias gariepinus were also obtained with a grand mean level of 0.0478µgg-1. This study further revealed mean Cd concentration of the tissues of dried Oreochromis niloticus …show more content…
From the result, the general trend for the mean concentration of cadmium in the tissues revealed that; Flesh> Gills (Bones). The average lead concentrations of the same tissues of the dried Clarias gariepinus are 0.03841, 0.07521 and 0.02990 µgg-1 for the bones, gills and flesh respectively, with a grand average concentration of 0.04781µgg-1. The general trend for the average concentration of lead in the tissues showed that; Gills>Bones>Flesh. The average cadmium concentrations of the tissues of dried Oreochromis niloticus fish are 0.00161, 0.00140 and 0.00121µgg-1 for the bones, gills, and flesh respectively with a grand average cadmium concentration of 0.0014 1µgg-1 . The general trend for the average Cadmium concentration in the tissues showed that: Bone> Gills> Flesh. The mean lead levels for the same tissues of the dried Oreochromis niloticus fish under investigation were found to be 0.04511, 0.05751 and 0.03130µgg-1 for the bones, gills and flesh respectively with an overall average lead concentration of 0.04460µgg-1. The general trend in this case revealed that lead concentration in:
Many parents and children had lead poisoning along with unexplained rashes and hair loss. Because
In this experiment we tested to see if the catfish contained lead by using a lead testing kit. We used the data collected by ORNL in 2011 that is now accessible to the public. We pose that, if the age of the lake is older than the amount of lead will increase in the catfish when the amount of lead in the fish is a function of how old the lake is. Assuming the age of the lake would affect the amount of lead in the fish. The lakes that we picked were Tellico Lake, Melton Hill Lake, Watts Bar Lake, and Fort Loudon Lake.
“These water bodies supply our drinking water, water for agriculture and manufacturing, offer opportunities for recreation and provide habitat to numerous plants and animals.” Pollution is degrading our waters and one of the best forms to study the change in water quality is testing contaminants in fish that inhabit
This experiment is performed to test how Daphnia react when exposed to differing levels of copper sulfate so that we may understand what effects it has on underwater organisms. One possible hypothesis is, if the levels of copper sulfate in their environment rise, more of the Daphnia will die because copper sulfate is toxic. Daphnia are members of a collection of small crustaceans that are commonly called water fleas that are commonly found in small lakes and ponds. They reproduce through parthenogenesis, only creating male eggs once food becomes scarce. They eat algae, bacteria, and yeast.
This includes increased concentrations of heavy metals such as Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) found in the liver tissue and/or chemical toxins such as man-made Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (e.g. DDTs) and these are found in the blubber tissue of cetaceans.(Pierce et al. 2008; Jepson et al. 1999): To investigate the high proportion of Harbour porpoises dying from infectious disease, chemical sampling was undertaken in the liver/blubber tissue of the strandings to research the effects of PCBs earlier mentioned as well as heavy metals like Mercury (Hb). The amounts of these chemicals were examined in those individuals killed by infectious disease and those that were healthy and died from physical trauma.
Sierra Leone is a petite country located on the west coast of Africa. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea, Liberia, and the Atlantic Ocean. The most common language here is Kiro; it is a mix of English and a variety of African languages. Sierra Leone has multiple large resources like diamonds, chromite, and rutile. Also Sierra Leone was home to a bloody and costly civil war.
Dr. Patterson began research to see how much lead he found in the environment was natural, and how much was created by people. He sampled snow from ancient ice in Greenland and Antarctica that existed hundreds or thousands of years before lead was dug up. The samples showed that there had been a huge increase in lead in the northern hemisphere when Greeks and Romans used lead for pipes and tools (Claire Patterson is dead page
Due to controversy over GMO foods this particular avenue of research has waned, but in recent years there has been a growing interest in using transgenic fish to study toxicology (Gong et al 213, Dai et al 11). One possible application of transgenic zebrafish is the detection and monitoring of aquatic pollution (Dai et al 11). Aquatic environments are a major route of distribution for pollutants such as pesticides, toxic heavy metals, and endocrine disruptors (Carvan et al 134). Fish and other aquatic organisms can accumulate these environmental contaminants via bioconcentration in the food chain or by directly absorbing them through the gills (Carvan et al 134). Humans are also at risk for exposure through the consumption of fish from polluted water (Carvan et al
Throughout time diverse regions have considered other societies to be barbaric, causing them to have the desire of “civilizing” them. Many individuals accept the rule of a higher and civilized region as they believe that their alterations will benefit them. Although, by enabling a higher power to acquire authority in another foreign nation, will diminish that regions culture and individuals will not truly possess respect, ultimately causing them to rebel against that foreign power after they comprehend their true nature. Likewise, after the Berlin Conference, which set certain rules for the partition of Africa, numerous European powers desired in colonizing Africa and obtaining control during the early 1800s, which was known as the Scramble
Throughout the ages, many nations have been known to do whatever it takes to sustain a valuable supply of resources. For this reason, however the exploitation of resources by countries using unfair means is an enduring issue for many groups of people. Exploitation of resources is when the government or outside forces take advantage of a nation’s resources. This issue is significant because it causes civil conflict and war, can impact people of nations terribly, and can destroy industry. Problems created by exploitation of resources can be seen in examples from Sierra Leone, the Congo and British India.
According to few reports Mercury contamination is higher in rivers and lakes. So these fishes are most likely contaminated with high mercury, which is toxic and venomous. Be Safe Against Seafood Fraud Again, it’s very tough again to find out whether it is safe to eat supplied Tuna or not, but few things can be practiced to cut down the risk of seafood adulteration. • According to Oceana, The place where you buy your fish matters a great deal.
Did you ever think about what Africa was like before your time? Did it ever cross your mind how they lived without the same things we have today?Have you ever decided to pick up your history textbook and read about Africa. Africa is known to be a “tropical” continent. Furthermore, it would talk about the three different kingdoms in Africa before the 1500 ce. It would also be talking about trade,Timbuktu,and societies in East and South Africa.
This element is extremely toxic which creates greater concern regarding health. A few effects of lead on the human body are damage in brain development, certain learning skills for children, behavior in adults and children, high blood pressure, reproduction, and the growth of adults and children (“Department of Ecology,” 2007-2011). As arsenic and lead have risky effects, mercury, petroleum related compounds, and PCBs also have fatal
fish BCF and BMF (Biomagnification Factor) values are used to calculate concentrations in fish as part of the secondary poisoning assessment for wildlife, as well as for human dietary exposure. An invertebrate BCF may also be used to model a food chain based on consumption of sediment worms or shellfish. An assessment of secondary poisoning or human exposure via the environment will not always be necessary for every substance. In the first instance, a predicted BCF may be used for first tier risk assessment (Lombardo et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2008, Dimitrov et al.,
In western media there is often, as Adichie would say, a ‘single story’ of Nigeria, and it is one which endorses the view that Nigeria and its’ people are rife with savage tumult and violence. Adichie challenges this assumption through her short stories which display elements of both the violence and the unseen stories of peaceful civil relations. Through her portrayal of these facets of Nigeria and its people, of both the intermittently true violence and the personal and pacifistic aspects, Adichie aims to show the reader the ‘real story’ of Nigeria and abolish the assumption that violence is Nigeria’s only story. Adichie’s portrayal of Nigeria in Cell One is one of an apparently heavily violent, corrupt and decayed country which is directly