Once an individual can identify the level of measurement, then the data can be interpreted from the variable. The variable must be measured first; next the individual can conduct a statistical analysis. Based on the variety of homes, the level of measurement that was used was nominal. Nominals are mostly used for categories or numbers which is used to identify the measurement on a nominal scale. Nominal variable do not have a particular order for categories which usually includes two or more while giving the least amount of details. Such as taking a survey on who lives in a home, apartment, duplex or trailer. The order of value does not hold a significant mathematical meaning. The number of arrests level of measurement is based on an interval …show more content…
Often times using the example to measure temperature is an interval variable. Temperatures that are 75 to 80 degrees is the same as temperatures that are 100 to 105 or measuring speed from 30 mph to 40 mph is the same as 70 mph to 80 mph. Mean is used measure interval variables because it will give an average distance between the data. Ratio variable is similar to interval variables and uses mean as central tendency. Mean will calculate the average of the value and the slightest change will disrupt the mean. Gangs will always exist in some areas, despite the opportunities for prevention in communities. Many individuals commit crimes due to economic reasons such as low income, projects, gangs, or just for the thrill. Gang members will remain a permanent fixture in the criminal world. While some individuals feel that crime is their only means of survival, in the end it is their choice to commit or not commit a crime. Data has given an insight into what type of life the average gang member comes from such as; do they live in a home, apartment, duplex, or trailer. The research was collected 343 gang members asked the questions of; how long have they lived in their home based on the number of months, how many siblings does the average gang member have and the number of times the gang member been arrested on (Walker, …show more content…
“Organized crime such as gang members often maximizes opportunities and fills voids associated with a community’s failure to provide adequate employment opportunities, sufficient retirement benefits, adequate information and assistance in providing and locating adequate housing and consumer goods, and sufficient funding to strengthen legitimate economic enterprises on which many community members depend for survival” (Lyman & Potter, 2011). The conclusion that can be drawn from the data is that the average gang member lived in a house which shows that they live in a community setting. The community could be low income, but that data was not established. Out of the 343 gang members 243 of them had never been arrested which was surprising (Walker, 2009). But, because the frequency had a high variety of value with the amount of time gang members lived at their current residents the conclusion was some showed stability while others seemed to move around within a few years. The final conclusion made about gang members is that a large portion come from a 1 to 2 sibling family members with the highest number of 137 gang members said they have at least one sibling whereas 79 gang members has two siblings (Walker,
References Egley, A., & Howell, J. C. (2012). Highlights of the 2010 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved from: https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/237542.pdf Sanders, R., & Moore, S. (n.d.). Mandatory Waiver for Juvenile Gang Members in Tennessee. Retrieved from: http://www.belmont.edu/burs/pdf/Social%20Work-%20Sanders%20and%20Moore.pdf Searles, K. (2017).
Gang violence and activity has arisen in the past decades, with exceeding concerns and amongst youth being the primary target. Law enforcement try to gain a better understanding to why people are falling into criminal activity. Throughout the following essay we will be summarizing the background of one of the most notorious gang known internationally, MS-13. In addition, we will also be explaining ways different criminology theorist and theories apply to these particular group of people.
For many youths, gang life is all they know. Many gang members have other family members who are involved in gangs already. In Lauger’s (2012) ethnography of the DFW boyz, he found
Utilizing research findings and realistic experiences, Shakur, Howell, and Griffiths disprove myths about gangs, justify the reasons for young people being recruited because of their desire to be understood by others similar to them, and girls integrating themselves into the groups from their relationships with members. Howell and Griffiths managed to explain the principles behind gangs and their members' lifestyles, while Shakur provided real gangster experiences as supporting evidence for the research findings. Theories to gangs may be existent, but without proper research leading to the findings, or experiences from subjects who lived the lifestyle, beliefs about the organizations merely become empty
In the chapter, Sante (1991) believed gangs emerged in rapidly growing cities out of the conditions created by multiple waves of immigration and urban overcrowding (1). The book suggest that street gangs emerged from conditions of social disorganization, overwhelming housing, and welfare capacities of the Northwest (2). Government corruptions such as that of the Civil war clause gave rise to gang riots resulting in the deaths of over 15 black men and the disappearance of over 50 more (4). Other explanations given were: marginalization, youth conflict, and defiance (6). Still the book offers more examples like that of racial unity and empowerment, as well as gangs provided lower income tenants protection and financial resources they otherwise
In the United States, every year there are around 2,000 gang-related homicides and in the realistic fiction novel, The Outsiders, by S.E Hinton, it explores the issues of gang violence, and teenagers in gangs. Around 40% of all members in gangs are teenagers, who are getting involved in some dangerous things very early in life. In the novel The Outsiders, the “Greasers” which is a gang of all teenagers, fight other gangs and commit serious crimes such as murder. We as a society need to pinpoint why teenagers join gangs and stop them beforehand. We also need to help people get out of gangs if they are already in one.
Overall, the connection between race and gang involvement is complex, and many different factors contribute to it. The book Juvenile Justice in America by Bartollas and Miller provides a more detailed analysis of this topic, as well as other issues related to juvenile
According to the federal bureau of investigation crime rates have significantly dropped since 2010. There has been a plethora of efforts to make the current averages plummet, such as G.R.E.A.T., Comprehensive whole child intervention and prevention program, Truancy reduction program, School resource officer program, Scared straight program, etc. The core focus of this paper is to analyze these programs and their results to see whether or not these programs are effective in preventing and suppressing gang involvement. While also pointing out a few implications, and possibly recommendations for future research. Koffman et al.
In Chicago, and all over the nation, the effects of gang activity have been displayed, specifically in low income and poverty torn communities. Poverty is measured depending on a family’s annual income and determining if the amount falls below the poverty threshold for the family’s size. If the annual income does fall below the threshold, then the family and every individual in it is considered to be in poverty. Gang activity is more visible in the areas specifically in major cities similar to Chicago where poverty is a commonality in communities. although gangs might add structure in order where the government fails to do so in the projects and and similar low income communities the negative effects such as the distribution of drugs, violence,
They examine current gang management strategies and see what works and does not. They completed their research by survey. “First, according to the respondents, inmate containment and sanctions were perceived to be very effective at managing gangs…. The second strategy is based on investigations, which if successful, also increases the costs of being affiliated with a STG through internal and external sanctions… Last, respondents placed great value on using the products of these investigations through intelligence sharing within their prison system, other correctional systems, and with law enforcement (Winterdyk & Ruddell,p. 734.
Essay 5 draft 3 The murder rate of Chicago in 2015 is almost four times higher than New York City and more than 2.5 times higher than Los Angeles. Marshall Rosenberg, a psychologist, created the Nonviolent Communication which helps people resolve conflicts and differences in a peaceful way. “All violence is the result of people tricking themselves into believing that their pain derives from other people and that consequently those people deserve to be punished” (Rosenberg). Nowadays there are so many ways to get a hold of a gun on the streets illegally.
In Chicago “The identified offenders' most common age was 18.” (Gang Violence In Chicago Slideshow). Many young people in Chicago are familiar with the situation Will is in and it is shown by the amount of statistics that support
Weak family ties, single parent households, multiple transitions within a family, and poverty/financial stress are all potential influences for youths to join a gang (Howell & Egley, 2005). Family risk factors can also include parents refusing to give their children the proper education or lack of discipline at home (Howell & Egley, 2005). Family members that are in gangs can also influence their children to join a gang themselves (Herrenkohl et al. 2010; Lahey et al. 1999). Risk Factors Related to School. Thornberry et al.
Gang violence has been a problem in society for several of years and is a growing problem each and every day. The youth that is involved in gang violence will have numerous effects upon them that will come soon or later when associated with a group of thugs. Children and teenagers if they still go to school when accompanying a gang, they face the heightened risk of dropping out of school; teen parenthood; be victimized by another gang ; abuse drugs and alcohol; commit petty and violent
Throughout the 17th-century gangs have been causing havoc in people's life and destroying the society. The National Institute of Justice (2011) has defined a gang as "A group of collective members which create an atmosphere of intimidation among citizens. " Many of these gangs are well organized, using different forms of violence to control neighbourhoods and to conduct their illegal activities. The National Gang Threat Assessment (2011) reports that “Gangs are responsible for an average of 48 percent of violent crime in most jurisdictions.” Street Gangs have caused incidences of violence that is confined in the inner city of many countries.