Non Hodgkin Lymphoma is the most frequently known forms of cancer that originates in the Lymphatic System. This disease is also known to be the sixth leading cause of death in Lymphoma patients in the United States. The Lymphatic System consists of lymph nodes that are found in certain organs and areas of the body. Lymph nodes contain many, many cells called lymphocytes, which are more commonly known as white blood cells. White blood cells are the body’s defense system against bacteria and infections. Non Hodgkin Lymphoma is a form of cancer that attacks the immunity system. Lymphocytes contain two types of cells called B-cells and T-cells. There is a wide range of about 30 different types of Non Hodgkin Lymphoma. The B-cells and T-cells can determine which types of cancer a person has. …show more content…
B-cells are identified as indolent forms of this disease, it can also be aggressive, just like the T-cell forms. I’m going to specifically talk about the B-cells and its most recognized form of cancer. The B-cells make up about 85% of all Non Hodgkin Lymphoma diagnoses. The most frequent form of B-cell lymphoma is called Follicular Lymphoma. Follicular Lymphoma makes up about 22% of all lymphoma diagnoses in the world. Out of the 22% worldwide diagnosis, 35% of these diagnoses are in the United States. This form of cancer can be very hard to identify, since it usually has no symptoms. If the patient were to have symptoms they would range from swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, severe night sweats, and usually very high fever occurring daily. Basic laboratory blood testing can decide the activity level the disease is in. Certain scans can be done to decide whether a patient needs a tissue biopsy or not. Once the biopsy has been reviewed by the physician, he will be able to determine what stage the cancer is in, furthermore, what will be the most effective treatment for that individual
Lupus Erythematous Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is a chronicautoimmune disease occurring in the muscle and skeletal systems. If a person were to have Lupus Erythematous, his/her immune sys-tem would begin to attack itself, rather than outside invaders. As a result, tissues, organs, and nerves are harshly affected. According to the Lupus Foundation of America (2017), SLE affects more than 1.5 million Americans, mainly ranging from ages 15-44, but most commonly in young African-American women. Cause The cause of Systemic Lupus Erythematous is unknown, however there are several fac-tors that may have an effect on the symptoms and disease.
As a result, these cells form a clump that is commonly referred to as a tumor (neoplasm), especially when the immune system is malfunctioning. Tumors can be benign, harmless and easily taken out or malignant. Malignant tumors block tissues and organs from functioning with each other. Once cancer cells become metastasized, they break away from a host tumor. These free-floating
The number one sign of melanoma is a new or changing mole/blemish. The ABCDE system should be used when evaluating skin lesions (Hodgetts, 2013). First check for asymmetry, both halves of the mole should have the same shape. Next the border is assessed; normal moles usually have a smooth regular border while melanoma tends to have a more irregular or ragged edge. The color of a mole should be uniform throughout, if not this is also a warning sign.
They also have mild anemia or bone lesions, but they have no symptoms. Symptomatic multiple myeloma is the full active
Touring the Tulsa Cancer Institute treatment floor I saw a variety of cancers, they include; lung, bladder, and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. The type of cancer I primarily focused on was Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. I was not present when the nurse first assessed the patient, but whenever he had a new medication to hang the nurse would always make sure that the medication matched the name on his ID bracelet and his MAR. My patient has Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and his primary treatment is chemotherapy. Before determining what type of chemotherapy my patient would receive he had to go through a variety of testing.
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease is spread through the bite of a deer tick. The ticks are carried by several different animals that live in wooded areas. They range from deer, raccoons, skunks, to chipmunks and squirrels. (WebMD).
When one has this disease it means that your immune system which fights off bacteria, infection, and germs, your body has a harder time at protecting itself. Everyone’s body produces protein or B cells which are known as antibodies, it defends the body from viruses. Since lupus is an autoimmune disease, it is very hard to tell the difference between invaders and
The Immune System, which the cell attacks, is responsible for warding off enemies from the body. It consists of many parts, most notably lymph nodes, white blood cells, and lymphocytes.. When an infection is spotted, white blood cells swarm it and attack it. If the white blood cells cannot handle the infection, lymph nodes create lymphocytes, which attack the infection with renewed force, and help prevent infection in the future (Human Biology 149).
They serve to contain viral infections while the adaptive immune response is generating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that can clear the infection. Natural killer cells provide rapid responses to virus infected cells, transplanted cells, and cancer cells. Natural killer cells are special because they can recognize stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC, allowing for a much faster immune reaction. This role is especially important because harmful cells that are missing MHC I markers cannot be detected and destroyed by other immune cells, such as T lymphocyte
In this essay, I will focus on the lymph nodes, particularly their role in adaptive immunity, and how they relate to the lymphatic system as a whole,
If you feel that you are at risk of certain kinds of cancer, such as colon cancer, it is important to be knowledgeable of the symptoms involved. Losing weight rapidly and unexpectedly, dark feces and cramping are just a few of the symptoms of colon cancer. If you have any colon cancer symptoms, don't procrastinate about making an appointment. Early detection
At the age of 15 I what was called Ewing’s Sarcoma; a kind of cancerous tumor that primarily affects the bones and soft tissues various areas of the body such as the chest area where mine was localized at. Being that I was only 15, this was a type of disease that I have never heard of nor had any
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the world’s most dreaded disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Precisely, the viral infection destroys the immune system of the patient by way of eliminating the CD4+ lymphocytes (Mandal, 2012). With decreased immunity, the body becomes vulnerable to a wide range of infections otherwise known as opportunistic infections. These could be viral, bacterial, or fungal infections as well as tumors and other conditions adverse to a person’s health (Mandal, 2012). Ideally, the pathology of AIDS involves several key states namely seroconversion illness, asymptomatic infection, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, symptomatic infection, and eventually AIDS (Mandal, 2012).
The other components are antigen-presenting cells, which trap antigens and bring them to the attention of lymphocytes so that thev can mount their attack. How lymphocytes recognize antigens A lymphocyte is different from all other cells in the body because it has about 100,000 identical receptors on its cellular membrane that enable it to recognize one specific antigen. The receptors are proteins containing grooves that fit into patterns forrned by the atoms of the antigen molecule --- somewhat like a key fitting into a lock --- so that the lymphocyte can bind to the antigen. There are more than 10 million different types of grooves in the lymphocytes of the human immune system.
Due this process, it allows the lymphatic system to monitor the invading microbes. The lymphatic vessels also carry a clear fluid that it bathes in the body’s tissues that is known as lymph. Another organ is lymph node that is has specialized compartments where the immune system there and can encounter antigens. It shaped is small and bean shapes that are there in neck, armpits, abdomen and groin. As mentioned above, that there is lymphatic vessels, so that the immune cells and all the foreign particles will enter then exit through outgoing lymphatic vessels.