Modern Human Characteristics

The most characteristic physical features of a hominin is considered to be bipedalism and an upright posture. Humans, also referred to as hominins, differ from other hominids when comparing these features. It is the features that make us unique to other hominids. Bipedalism has gained hominins many advantages over quadrupedal hominids. The change of the skull in hominins is due to bipedalism and an upright posture which has made therefore helped hominins advance further than quadrupedal hominids.

The long bone is that it allows movement , particularly in the limbs eg the femur (thigh bone) tibia and fibula (lower leg bones) humerus (upper arm bone), the radius and the ulna (lower arm). Metacarpals (hand bones) metersals (foot bone) and phalanges (finger and toe bone) Functions of the skeleton The skeleton is the framework of the body; it supports the softer tissue and provides point of attachment for most skeletal muscles. The skeleton provides mechanical protection for many of the body’s internal organs, redusing risk of injury to them. Skeletal bones are attached to the muscle contract they cause bone to move, packed with over 200 bones, skeletons protect, shape support and move our bodies as well as producing red blood cells in the bone

It does so by keeping its outer layer of skin moist so the oxygen can pass through easily. The jellyfish, a member of the Scyphozoa class, acts similarly and absorbs oxygen easily through its skin. This method, used by both the earthworms and jellyfish, gets oxygen into the body but isn’t always the most efficient way. The lion, a mammal, has a more advanced way of respiration and has an entire

Archaeology Essay: Bipedalism in hominids Introduction: Bipedalism is the defining characteristic of all hominins. It is what separates us from all other primates as it occurs uniquely in our species. The physical and mental characteristics of hominins has changed dramatically over our evolutionary timeline that has led to current day humans. If you were to compare a modern day human with our earliest hominin ancestors there are few similarities between them. However the one feature that unites all hominins is an upright posture and a bipedal gait.

As the C.brunnea is the larger species, they are able to occupy more space on the rock surface and prevent the C. columna from extending their distribution into that zone or getting a spot on the rock surface. Also, since the C.brunnea is larger they will be able to conserve more water in their shells. and, in doing so, lose water at a slower rate. This is in comparison to the C.columna who are smaller and will therefore conserve a lesser amount of water in

According to the theory of evolution, humans are the descendents of animals and simply evolved from their more basic state. In the case of humans, it is believed they are the descendants of ancient primates. This ideology raises the question of what the true difference is between animals and modern humans. This debate on what makes a human being a human has raged for decades and will most likely continue for many more. Despite this, while humans share many characteristics with animals, they are also fundamentally different from them.

The Aztec were had really advanced in their technology compared to other cultures and colonies in the Americas, but not as advanced as the Spanish. The Aztecs had developed many tools, weapons, armour, medicine and canoes. Their technology was so advanced that they were familiar with the wheel, but they only used them in toys. The Aztecs didn’t have any iron or steel like the Spanish; therefore they had to make weapons and tools out make blades for weapons. The Aztec were so advanced with their technology that they were able to develop drills with bones or reeds1.

However, they are much softer than the adult kneecap. Babies and young children have all the bones an adult has, but although they are softer, these bones are strong enough to support their bodies. Their skeletons are actually made of immature bone and cartilages which continue to

This carnivorous giant is a hybrid of Gigantosaurus, Majungasaurus, Carnotaurus, Rugops, Therizinosaurus, Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor, cuttlefish, tree frog, pit viper, and other unspecified present-day animals. The I.rex is deemed to be superior over other dinosaur species, having taken among the most impressive traits of its parent animals. Its agility and power resembles that of the T.rex, as the Tyrannosaurus is the Indominus’ base framework. Its size (above 40ft) is magnified through the trait of the Gigantosaurus, its increased number of teeth from the Majungasaurus, its osteoderms from the Rugops, and its hornlike growths from the eyes to its back from the Carnotaurus. The Indominus rex also possesses the abilities of camouflage, thermoregulation, infrared vision, and high intellectual capability from the cuttlefish, the tree frog, the pit viper, and the Velociraptor,

More osteoclasts can form than osteoblasts, in this case osteoporosis can manifest itself. Bone is also made up of a lot of collagen which is the most abundant protein in the body. There is cancellous bone (spongy, internal bone) and compact bone (harder and external bone). At the joints between bones there is hyaline cartilage that acts as a shock absorber and allows the bones to glide along each other. Inside bones there is a substance called bone marrow.

This study examined the differences in articular surface morphology of caudal vertebrae between prehensile and non-prehensile tailed primates. Articular surface is skeletal surface, which includes bone and cartilage, that makes contact with other skeletal surface as part of a joint. Variation in the morphology of articular surface can confer a greater capacity for mechanical loading, which is required for prehensile primates as they often use their tails to suspend their entire weight during locomotion. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that articular surface area and curvature in caudal vertebrae could be used to distinguish between prehensile and non-prehensile tails. The results showed that articular surfaces found in both proximal and distal regions were greater in prehensile tailed primates, in comparison to primates that were non-prehensile tailed.

These are really cool dinosaurs because they are quick and stand upright and can be pretty tall. In the movie they look horrifying and like creatures that can cut skin just by rubbing their back against you, and can eat you alive with one bite. Dinosaurs such as the “Zhenyuanlong” and the velociraptor are some of the closest relatives to birds. They are very fast, very smart for their species, and also feathered. This discovery of the new dinosaur is similar to birds however the main different to spot out is

Lieberman formats his book in three distinct sections: Part 1-3. The first section, 'Apes and Humans ', broadly focuses on the pre-Neolithic hominin by particularly focusing on bipedalism, our large brains, and our ability to store excess energy. I find that I am more knowledgeably persuaded by the first section of the book, mainly with it being the section that I am least familiar with. This section is strategically written to allow the reader to have a full understanding of the major transitions in evolving from apes into modern humans. Lieberman uses detailed figures and examples of how humans have transitioned from our first modern ancestors, apes, into modern homo-sapiens.

Homo sapiens made objects that had symbolic meaning. Our ancestors were able to expand their territorial range over thousand of miles in every type of ecological zone because of their brainpower to adapt to each zone. A small number of humans inhabited an area that is today in Israel. They were also able to cross the Red Sea and settle the Arabian Peninsula. Humans that lived in Southeast Asia were able to make it to Australia.

Primates have a lot in common with us humans, and with the research and studies that we have preformed we can now show that primates have become a lot more like humans. The lifestyle of primates are a lot like that of ours. Communities is big in the race of the humans and we believe that only we have developed communities and live within theses communities. This statement is not true because not only have primates developed and lived in communities but so have several other species. Primate communities exsist with fifty or more individuals who collectively inhabit a large geographical area.