Non-Violence was common in the Civil Rights movement especially when different groups came together to work so that the message could get out without having the backlash of fighting back. In Selma there were multiple marches and attempted protests that happened on the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Non-violence on the side of the police was not very common especially during the first march on Bloody Sunday. However the brutality on the police's part had drawn supporters out from every religion, race, age, and gender who would move to participate in the next march. The next march which was ill fated when first brought up because the president had warned Dr. King that there will be the same violence that had happened in the previous march, this march
Peaceful resistance is necessary for social change. The founders of the United States believed in this idea when writing the Declaration of Independence. John Locke, an enlightenment thinker who our founding fathers took ideas from, came up with the idea of the social contract. This is the agreement that a government and its people have and when citizens feel their government is wronging them then they have the right to revolt. Civil disobedience is a form of expressing the social contract and the consent of the governed.
And although the idea of peaceful protest was to have zero violence, it never seemed to happen that way. Lewis tell us, “Violence does beget violence, but the opposite is just as true” (Lewis and Ayden en 1:100)(see figure 1). At least so they hoped. MLK, Lewis, and Lawson all believed that if they did not start any problems and remained peaceful then there would be no issues. They were wrong.
As time went on, SNCC, CORE and SCLC all began having different opinion of the march. What had once seem to be a well, thought out plan was now crumbling. Some black marchers refused to shake hands with whites, muttered rude responses to polite conversation and growled at reporters. (57) Many people had difficulties with King’s way of approaching the march because nonviolence asked its practitioners to occupy a higher moral plane.
Non violence protest has been practiced by multiple people all over the world, and it has shown to be successful. Specifically Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. with his form of non violence within the Civil Rights Movement. He is a legend, he has influenced many people to follow his tactics, in order to make the world a better place and to progress the country. Cesar Chavez is a Civil Rights Leader himself and writes an article on DR. King’s 10 year anniversary of his untimely death and his article was on how non violence protests are better than any form of violence by using elements of pathos and ethos.
From 1963, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee had takes a series of protests to strive for equal voting rights in Alabama, but due to opposition from local police, progress was slow. In 1965, King came to Selma to support local civil rights activists. During a peaceful protest on February 17th 1965, a local resident called Jimmie Lee Jackson was beaten and shot dead by the Alabama State Troopers. This fueled the famous march from Selma to Montgomery on March 7th 1965. Led by Hosea Williams and John Lewis, about 600 non-violence protesters confronted state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma.
Participating in a protest, even the nonviolent kind, was a massive risk, and by partaking in one, a person could sacrifice many things. During the second Selma march, police were determined to stop the protestors and armed themselves with tear gas, clubs, and even police dogs. At the sight of the heavily armed police, unafraid to use their weapons against innocent people, Dr. King decided to turn around. He believed that the time was not right, and in the meantime, they should all pray and reflect on the purpose of the march before trying again. But for many, the urge for voting rights and equality was stronger than the desire to be safe.
Protestors were beat, jailed, and tormented for standing up for their beliefs. As Martin Luther King Jr. wrote in Letter from a Birmingham Jail, “I am in a Birmingham jail because injustice is in here.” The law enforcers were disobeying the laws and they were not peaceful. They stripped the protestors right to freedom of speech while terrorizing the marches and their participants. This was not the American way.
Even though Malcolm X’s philosophy of retaliatory violence pushed the issue of inequality into the light for Americans, Martin Luther King Jr.’s peaceful protest’s ability to produce support and change made it the best option for blacks during the time. Retaliation from injustice regularly decreased the effectiveness of the movement by resulting in punishment and increase of restrictions on black Americans. Peaceful protest ultimately served as the option, with its cultivation of public opinion in support of the movement and more acceptable approach in describing the issue, gave a grounding that was most effective in expanding the rights for black Americans during the civil rights
Martin Luther King Jr. tried to talk to the people of the community and enforce the idea of nonviolence, but it did not work. This attack sparked the Watts riots in 1965. In 1966 at the civil rights march in Chicago people began to throw bricks and bottles. The marchers caught them and threw them back. This act indicted that nonviolence was not going to work in the North anymore.
Martin Luther King Jr., the leader of nonviolent Civil Rights movements, once proclaimed, “...non-violent resistance does not seek to defeat or humiliate the opponent, but to win his friendship and understanding... The aftermath of non-violence is the creation of the beloved community, while the aftermath of violence is tragic bitterness” ( MLK Jr. Doc 11). The Civil Rights Movement began as a nonviolent movement in order to integrate white and black Americans to create an equal nation.
For example, When Michael Brown was killed there was a several marches around the country they all got national attention. In Martin Luther King’s speech he argues that people should stick to using non-violence instead of using violence to solving your problems: “So in the days ahead let us not sink into the quicksands of violence; rather let us stand on the high ground of love and non-injury.” The idea that we should use non-violence instead of using violence is better because if you start to use violence people are going to say they want change but they are harming our city 's, we cannot advocate violence because we want change to happen and we don 't want more people getting hurt. Indeed we should use non-violence because we will get national attention. Ultimately non-violence protests are better than violent protests because if we want to change something from happening we have to be civilized americans and not make things
The 1960s brought a completely different aspect to police violence in that police brutality was the most prevalent among African American communities that were trying to achieve social and political equality through peaceful or radical means. As social tensions rose, African Americans across the country tried to change the dogmatic thought of African American inferiority through either peaceful or radical social movements. Martin Luther King Jr, a prime example of peaceful integration of African Americans into American society, led nonviolent resistant movements that allowed some movements to be successful, and others to be catastrophic in terms of brutal police intervention. For example, The Birmingham Civil Rights Protest of 1963 clearly
As our nation grows we become more violent people get killed everyday and no one can really control it. Violence since the 1960’s has almost tripled. As our country gets older the crime rate will keep increasing. There are a lot of people who don’t like violence, but there are also lots people who want violence and try to make it. Part of the reason there is so much violence is because our nation isn’t good at accepting others for who they are.
The point of a non-violent protest is to “…create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue” (King). Its goal is to force attention on the problem. It ultimately gives to the community no other choice but to face the problem and try to fix it. What Martin Luther King wanted was for it to gain attention so that they will be able to negotiate with “white moderates” and agree on a common ground. He did that to be able to negotiate which was his second step but it did not work.
The people who lived during the Civil Rights Movement used both violent and non- violent protests , marches and speeches. No matter how anyone look at the past, it carved a better future for many African Americans.