Psychodynamic Model Of Normality

Laing’s concept of insanity is analogous to that of Michel Foucault. In the book Madness and Civilization , Foucault contends that the society constructs one’s experience of madness. In Laing’s view, similar happens when sanity is judged upon the basis of the relationship between the psychiatrist and the psychotic. When sanity and madness is analyzed through this relationship, the binary distinction between the two words, that may have been, is lost and sanity is but a matter of degrees. Moreover, every person’s perception of sanity differs from the other.

We may only mimic that other person so that we adopt the mimicry as our own mask, and consequently our own self. As we adopt masks, we feel out the borders of our individual self, of our “prison.” This idea of imprisonment conjures the image of an asylum, hinting by association that only the insane possess multiple selves. But Doniger shows that the sane, too, exhibit multiplicity. This description of sanity is contentious; it makes sense in Doniger’s world but seems crazy in ours. To help us reconcile our definition of “sane” with hers, Doniger circumscribes insanity with a blurry yet tightly bound border.

Stage hypnosis exist for entertainment and is given a very wrong impression of the more clinical hypnosis. In hypnotherapy the hypnotist skilfully uses suggestion to achieve predetermined goals such as releasing disrupting phobias, fears, panicky feelings and bad habits to physical symptoms, negative behavioural patterns etc. that are all seemingly within oneself but out of one's control Surrendering of the will or loss of control Week mindedness Some people believe that they are too intelligent to be hypnotized as in turn some people believe that they are not intelligent enough to be hypnotized the truth of the matter is that it doesn't matter! You only need average intelligence to be hypnotized because you just need the ability to imagine and concentrate in fact the very basis the client is looking for a new tool to help them with an issue and is willing to the work they have to do suggests that the person as a strong

When someone is seen as mentally ill, everything they do may be seen as a symptom of their disorder. Rosenhan states that labeling causes the doctors to make wrong ideas about the patient about his or her behavior even though it is not their

Self-deception and Sartre’s view of psychoanalysis on the conscious and unconscious mind tie together due to it all being a lie but seen as a reality in the host’s point of view. “To escape from these difficulties people gladly have recourse to the unconscious” (Sartre 303). These two concepts are relatable since in self-deception the person decides to lie to himself in order to escape his difficulties, but psychoanalysis takes it a different direction and instead say that the person puts it into their unconscious mind where one would have difficulties retrieving it from. “There is truth in the activities of the deceiver; if the deceived could reattach them to the situation where the deceiver establishes himself to his project of the lie…” (Sartre 303). The person does not generally forget about the lie when putting it into their unconscious mind but instead puts it aside so they would not remember about it unless it is brought up or something relatable occurs and jogs their memory of the event or the

This created the M’Naghten rule, which held that a man is not responsible for his criminal acts, when, because of a “disease of the mind,” he does not know the “nature and quality” of his acts or does not know they are “wrong.” The courts used the M’Naghten rule for some time as the determination factor in cases where the insanity defense was their plea. Because of its broad definition and criteria, the M’Naghten rule adopted many forms over the years. Cases like Durham v. United States help the rule form the “product of mental illness” approach. The test named Durham product test created an assessment for insanity based on a substantial lack of mental capacity

Cognitive dissonance is by definition the ¨state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs or attitudes (McLeod, Simply Psychology) which produces feelings of discomfort.” In order to dispel those feelings the brain leads a person to alter the thoughts, beliefs or attitudes that are in disagreement with the rest, restoring the brain to harmony. When we humans have a thought or commit an atrocity that goes against our morals or long standing beliefs we either apologize or justify the action, telling ourselves that the person we hurt deserved it and brought it upon themselves. We continue to search for justification until we no longer view ourselves as in the wrong. This mental capability has, in my opinion, been the leading agent in nationś wars and oppression against others. The most prominent being attempts to stamp out races because of their so called ¨inferior race/ heritage¨.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, by Ken Kesey, considers the qualities in which society determines sanity. The label of insanity is given when someone is different from the perceived norm. Conversely, a person is perceived as sane when their behavior is consistent with the beliefs of the majority. Although the characters of this novel are patients of a mental institution, they all show qualities of sanity. The book is narrated by Chief Brodmen, an observant chronic psychiatric patient, who many believe to be deaf and dumb.

Psychoanalysis depends on the idea that people are unconscious of the numerous variables that cause their behaviour and feelings. These oblivious elements can possibly deliver misery, which thus is communicated through a score of discernable side effects, including aggravating identity attributes, trouble in identifying with others, or unsettling influences in self-regard or general manner. Sigmund Freud was the first psychoanalyst and a genuine pioneer in the acknowledgment of the significance of oblivious mental movement. His hypotheses on the internal workings of the human personality, which appeared to be so progressive when the new century rolled over, are currently generally acknowledged by most schools of mental thought. In 1896, Freud instituted the expression "therapy," and for the following forty years of his life, he dealt with altogether building up its fundamental standards, destinations, strategies, and technique.

Further, in To Have and Have Not the ‘shadow’ archetype of the protagonist is in repressed state despite the problems he was facing in the Depression period. But when he is cheated, the insecure ‘shadow’ archetype gives way to violence that normally happens in the case of any normal human being. Marx and Hillix(1963), the two psychologists, working on Jungian theory, explain the reasons for violence as they say, “With regard to violence and the observation there of, the ‘shadow’ archetype is pivotal. This archetype is thought to integrate our prehuman, and hence, premoral impulsions. In other words it is related to our animal instincts”