Power as conceptualized by critical theorists. Power is one of the words that holds great effect. It is defined by Webster (2015) as “the ability to control people or things; a person or organization that has a lot of control and influence over other people or organizations”. In general, a person or organization that holds power has authority over others. Thus, power is conceptualized in the organizational communication by critical theorists.
This was a clear ultimatum that Europe was strictly forbidden forming its own defense structures, a clear attempt of United States monopolization of the defense “public good.” [Albright] The behavior of the European allies following September 11, 2001 are also in line with the actions of a lesser partner in an alliance attempting to gain power in Blau’s model. After the terrorist attacks, European members of NATO invoked the alliance’s common defense clause for the first time in the history of the alliance and contributed troops to America’s mission in Afghanistan.
This is what coloniality of power is based on. The Eurocentric system of knowledge allocated the creation of knowledge to Europeans and prioritized the use of European ways of knowledge creation. This means that any knowledge originating from indigenous cultures was suppressed and denied existence. Only the knowledge of the European lifestyle was accepted. Quijano writes, "Europe’s hegemony over the new model of global power concentrated all forms of the control of subjectivity, culture, and especially knowledge and the production of knowledge under its hegemony” (Quijano 540).
The second type of political power struggle is around the persuasion, such as commerce, culture and education. The question about the political struggle should be addressed either by the political force or persuasion is always discussed by many scholars from different disciplines. This essay argues that the political power should be properly understood as a matter that involving both force and persuasion; the political power is composed of soft power and hard power. The essay attempt to explore the relationship between the force and persuasion in the political struggle from the perspective of international relation. In the first part, the essay will attempt to form a theoretical framework based on the theory of Machiavelli, and Locke; the essay will
He said that westerners think of power as emanating from the law. He rejected this, saying that we must construct a method of power that no longer takes law as the code or a model. Instead of conceiving power as a repressive concept, where we think all that power does is repress and restrict, we should regard power as something that is present everywhere and is flowing from all directions. Power is as productive and helpful as it is restrictive. Power functions from all social relationships and is imposed throughout society.
Coleman, The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice (2000), pp. 108-130. "Power can be usefully conceptualized as a mutual interaction between the characteristics of a person and the characteristics of a situation, where the person has access to valued resources and uses them to achieve personal, relational, or environmental goals, often through using various strategies of influence."(p. 113). Another popular understanding by Articles from Breakthrough Consultancy,Ashton,Roundwood,Ireland suggests that “ power is the control, influence and exercise of authority over others; the ability to bend others to our will; to dominate people and situations for the purposes of self defence and self interest .
Such internal consistency allowed the Europeans to form “systematic discipline” on different sectors of the Orient (3). In the end, people started to regard the representations made by this discourse as facts,
Introduction Since a long time ago power has been very important, although it has been perceived differently by different scholars. Realist believe that According to Morgenthau, 1978 Power is the ability to make somebody do something that they would otherwise not do. Disequilibrium of power might at times lead to competitive arms races and wars, and a stable balance of power could prevent war. According to Claude, 1962 and Walt, 1987, the central measure of power in the security context is derived from military capabilities assessed in either offensive or defensive terms. The traditional understanding of power views it as a means to an end though the quest for power can also become an end in and of itself, regardless of the reasons for attaining
Even though realism is mainly critical about effectiveness of international regimes, it provides a good starting point for understanding motivations behind states actions. Especially it is true when these actions are related to hard power and use of force. Moreover, the discussion of theoretical arguments that are in favor and against international institutions is outside of the scope of this paper. 1.2. COLLECTIVE SECURITY AND THE UNITED NATIONS Collective security is a broad and flexible concept.
It consists of the extent to which women express their likes and dislikes towards power behavior as well as their belief towards social system, i.e., when, how, over whom, for what goals and with what constrains it should be exercised. To be considered as a dimension of individual differences, power has to be defined in terms of such factors as aggression, dominance, assertiveness, self-consciousness, internal control, leadership and so